高考问答韩娱之综艺天王txt下载:毕业设计外文翻译（土木专业）
来源：百度文库 编辑：高考问答 时间：2024/04/24 08:36:39
过几天就要交毕业设计的外文翻译拉，我才翻译了一小段啊。所以希望路过的大虾们，特别是学土木的，帮帮小弟我啊。我把自己所有的积分全放上拉。
英文原文如下：
Editorial
Early age concrete––properties and performance
This issue contains papers dealing with different aspects of properties and performance of concrete at early age. These papers cover recent research and developments that are both academically rigorous and relevant to practitioners.
The main driving force for early-age cracking in cement-based materials is the chemical reaction of cement with water. In hardening cement-based materials with low water/cement ratio, on-going cement hydration can lead to self-desiccation shrinkage if the internal humidity drops below 100%. Depending on the magnitude of self-desiccation shrinkage, the development of the mechanical properties, and on the degree of internal or external restraint, early-age cracking may occur in these concretes. Self-desiccation can only lead to significant shrinkage stresses if the cement-based material behaves as a solid.
An additional driving force leading to volume change and stress development is associated with the exothermic hydration reactions that cause thermal gradients within the concrete mass. The superposition of shrinkage and thermal dilation should be considered with respect to early age cracking sensitivity.
Early-age shrinkage and cracking in cement-based materials is receiving renewed attention due to the development of modern concretes which are more sensitive to cracking immediately after setting, as well as the advent of new additives such as shrinkage reducing admixtures and fibers which mitigate early age cracking in conventional and high performance concretes. This early age cracking sensitivity in modern concretes is to a large extent the result of the low water/binder ratio and higher cement content typical of High-Strength/High-Performance Concrete (HSC/HPC). Lower water/binder ratio will increase auto genous shrinkage and higher cement content will increase ultimate drying shrinkage of HSC/HPC and other concrete materials such as shotcrete.
With the modern developments in concrete science and technology, it has become apparent that the approach to evaluate the risk for early age cracking can no longer be based on the determination of free shrinkage at early age. A much more comprehensive approach, addressing control, design and testing is required, taking into account fundamental processes on the microscopic level and engineering characteristics of the cementitious system, as well as structural considerations, which in duce restraint.
英文原文如下：
Editorial
Early age concrete––properties and performance
This issue contains papers dealing with different aspects of properties and performance of concrete at early age. These papers cover recent research and developments that are both academically rigorous and relevant to practitioners.
The main driving force for early-age cracking in cement-based materials is the chemical reaction of cement with water. In hardening cement-based materials with low water/cement ratio, on-going cement hydration can lead to self-desiccation shrinkage if the internal humidity drops below 100%. Depending on the magnitude of self-desiccation shrinkage, the development of the mechanical properties, and on the degree of internal or external restraint, early-age cracking may occur in these concretes. Self-desiccation can only lead to significant shrinkage stresses if the cement-based material behaves as a solid.
An additional driving force leading to volume change and stress development is associated with the exothermic hydration reactions that cause thermal gradients within the concrete mass. The superposition of shrinkage and thermal dilation should be considered with respect to early age cracking sensitivity.
Early-age shrinkage and cracking in cement-based materials is receiving renewed attention due to the development of modern concretes which are more sensitive to cracking immediately after setting, as well as the advent of new additives such as shrinkage reducing admixtures and fibers which mitigate early age cracking in conventional and high performance concretes. This early age cracking sensitivity in modern concretes is to a large extent the result of the low water/binder ratio and higher cement content typical of High-Strength/High-Performance Concrete (HSC/HPC). Lower water/binder ratio will increase auto genous shrinkage and higher cement content will increase ultimate drying shrinkage of HSC/HPC and other concrete materials such as shotcrete.
With the modern developments in concrete science and technology, it has become apparent that the approach to evaluate the risk for early age cracking can no longer be based on the determination of free shrinkage at early age. A much more comprehensive approach, addressing control, design and testing is required, taking into account fundamental processes on the microscopic level and engineering characteristics of the cementitious system, as well as structural considerations, which in duce restraint.
早期凝结––财产和表现
这一个议题在早的年龄用财产和具体物的表现不同方面包含文件行为。 这些文件对开业者包括最近的研究和既学究性严厉且有关的发展。
为以水泥为基础的材料早- 年龄裂痕的主要驱动力是有水的水泥化学反应。 如果内在的湿气在 100% 下面降低，在用落潮/水泥比变硬以水泥为基础的材料方面，正进行的水泥水和能导致自己- 干燥收缩。 仰赖自己- 干燥收缩，机械的财产发展的大小，而且在内在的或外部抑制的程度上，早- 年龄裂痕可能在这些具体物发生。 自己的-如果以水泥为基础的材料行为表现如一种固体，干燥才能导致重要的收缩压迫力。
一个带领到体积的另外驱动力改变而且强调发展与在具体的块里面引起热的倾斜度的发热水和反应有关。 收缩和热的扩张重叠应该被有关于早的年龄考虑裂痕敏感。
以水泥为基础的材料早- 年龄收缩和裂痕正在受到由于对减少混合和镇静传统的和高表现的早年龄裂痕具体物的纤维新添加剂 , 像是收缩在设定 , 连同来到之后立刻弄碎是更敏感的现代具体物的发展更新注意。 在很大的程度上弄碎现代的具体物的敏感早年龄的这是落潮/ 缚者比和较高的水泥结果满足的高力量的典型/ 高表现具体物 (HSC/HPC) 。 较低的水/ 缚者比将会增加内容将会增加终极弄干 HSC/ HPC 的收缩汽车 genous 收缩和较高的水泥和其他的具体材料 , 像是 shotcrete 。
藉由具体的科学现代的发展和技术，它已经变得明显，为早的年龄评估危险裂痕的方式能不再在早的年龄以自由收缩的决心为基础。 较加包罗万象的方式,向控制，设计和测试发表演说被需要, 进入帐户之内轮流在显微镜的水平和水泥的系统工程特性上的基本程序 , 连同结构的考虑, 在首领抑制方面。