鼠疫通过人与人传播:请高手帮忙翻译一篇短文

来源:百度文库 编辑:高考问答 时间:2024/03/29 02:55:48
这篇短文```翻译成英文:

最佳答案会追加50分...

感谢...
----------------------------

黑盒测试和白盒测试(Black box testing and white box testing)

任何工程产品(注意是任何工程产品)都可以使用以下两种方法之一进行测试。
黑盒测试:已知产品的功能设计规格,可以进行测试证明每个实现了的功能是否符合要求。
白盒测试:已知产品的内部工作过程,可以通过测试证明每种内部操作是否符合设计规格要求,所有内部成分是否以经过检查。

软件的黑盒测试意味着测试要在软件的接口处进行。这种方法是把测试对象看做一个黑盒子,测试人员完全不考虑程序内部的逻辑结构和内部特性,只依据程序的需求规格说明书,检查程序的功能是否符合它的功能说明。因此黑盒测试又叫功能测试或数据驱动测试。黑盒测试主要是为了发现以下几类错误:

1、是否有不正确或遗漏的功能?
2、在接口上,输入是否能正确的接受?能否输出正确的结果?
3、是否有数据结构错误或外部信息(例如数据文件)访问错误?
4、性能上是否能够满足要求?
5、是否有初始化或终止性错误?

软件的白盒测试是对软件的过程性细节做细致的检查。这种方法是把测试对象看做一个打开的盒子,它允许测试人员利用程序内部的逻辑结构及有关信息,设计或选择测试用例,对程序所有逻辑路径进行测试。通过在不同点检查程序状态,确定实际状态是否与预期的状态一致。因此白盒测试又称为结构测试或逻辑驱动测试。白盒测试主要是想对程序模块进行如下检查:

1、对程序模块的所有独立的执行路径至少测试一遍。
2、对所有的逻辑判定,取“真”与取“假”的两种情况都能至少测一遍。
3、在循环的边界和运行的界限内执行循环体。
4、测试内部数据结构的有效性,等等。

以上事实说明,软件测试有一个致命的缺陷,即测试的不完全、不彻底性。由于任何程序只能进行少量(相对于穷举的巨大数量而言)的有限的测试,在未发现错误时,不能说明程序中没有错误。

-------------------
请大家千万不要象第一个回答的伙计那样给我用金山快译直接翻译````

漏洞百出啊````

求求你们了``

Any project product (attention is any project product) all may use one of following two methods to carry on the test.
Black box test: The known product functional design specification, may carry on the test to prove each has realized whether the function does conform to the requirement.
Bai He tests: The known product internal work process, may through the test prove whether each kind of built-in function does conform to the design specification requirement, all internal ingredients whether by process inspection.

The software black box test meant the test must carry on in the software connection place. This method is considers as the test object a black box, tests the personnel not to consider completely the procedure interior the logical organization and the internal characteristic, only rest on the procedure the demand specification instructions, the inspection routine function whether does conform to its function showing. Therefore the black box test is called the function test or the data actuation test. The black box test mainly is for discover following several kind of mistakes:

1st, whether has is not correct or the omission function?
2nd, on the connection, inputs whether can correct acceptance? Whether outputs the correct result?
3rd, whether has the construction of data mistake or the extraneous information (for example data file) visits the mistake?
4th, in performance whether can answer the purpose?
5th, whether has the initialization or the termination is wrong?

Software Bai He tests is makes the careful inspection to the software 过程性 detail. This method is considers as the test object the box which opens, it allows to test the personnel to use the procedure interior the logical organization and the related information, the design or the choice measured the test example, carries on the test to the procedure all logic way. Through in 不同点 inspection routine condition, determination actual condition is whether consistent with the anticipated condition. Therefore Bai He tests is called the structure test or the logical actuation test. Bai He tests mainly is wants to carry on the following inspection to the program module:

1st, all independent carries out the way to the program module to test at least.
2nd, to all logical decision, takes "really" with takes "the vacation" two kind of situations both can measure at least.
3rd, carries out in the circulation boundary and in the movement boundary follows the annulus.
4th, tests internal construction of data the validity, and so on.

Above the fact showed that, the software test has a fatal flaw, namely test incompletely, not degree of thoroughness. Because any procedure only can carry on few (is opposite says in exhaustion huge quantity) the limited test, in had not discovered when mistake, cannot in the description program not have the mistake.