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It is apparent from these results that the nature of the Cr2O3 deposited on the active copper sites creates greater or less synergy depending on the method of preparation. In the case of leaching CuAl2 in concentrated NaOH solutions containing Na2CrO4, sodium chromate is reduced to solid chromia, which precipitates on the alloy at the reaction interface and/or on the skeletal Cu [43]. The main reactions involved in this system are:
CuAl2 (s) + 8OH. → Cu(s) + 2Al(OH)4. + 6e.
(15)
2H2O + 2e. → H2(g) + 2OH. (16)
H2 consumed, a.u.
2CrO4
2. + 6e. + 5H2O → Cr2O3 + 10OH. (17)

The difference in the methods of Cr2O3 may lead to different Cr2O3/Cu interactions and hence to the different synergies observed.

This study has shown that, by depositing small amounts of (<0.4 wt.%) of Cr2O3 on the surface of skeletal copper, very significant increases in activity and selectivity for MS, WGS and MSR reactions have been achieved. It is well known that chromia is a heavy metal, which provides significant environmental problems for catalyst disposal or recycling. Therefore, the catalysts developed in this study should be considered as replacements for conventional co-precipitated copper chromite catalysts, which contain up to two-orders of magnitude more Cr2O3.