魔域女神材料:一个英语语法问题

He is called Jim纯粹的被动语态，正常语序，is called是谓语
It is a dog called Poly.这里的called也是被动语态，只不过不做谓语了，来形容polly，这是过去分词做后置定语的语法知识，具体的你可以在语法书上细看。其实你拆成两句话就好理解了It is a dog.The dog is called Polly.只不过把两句话合起来了
第二个例子同理。Have you read the books written by Luxun?拆成Have you read the books？The book are written by Luxun.

这只是句式的转换而已。
1.It is a dog called Poly等于：The dog is called Poly,与He is called Jim.是一样的。
2.Have you read the books written by Luxun?是把be省略了，原句为Have you read the books（which are ) written by Luxun?
是一样的，只是句式转变了而已。

The book is wtitten by Luxun 是一般现在时的被动语态,很常见,应该可以理解的
而:Have you read the books written by Luxun?句子的最主体部分是主语即:Have you read the books ?是疑问句
句子主体部分Have是助动词,you read the books则是典型的主语+及物动词+宾语(S+Vt+O)的句子形式,是初中学的几个主要句型之一,你应该知道的
去掉后面的written by Luxun?句子依然是独立的,其实后面的called Poly即是主体中宾语the books 的补足语,来修饰这个宾语the books ,在一个简单句中只能有一个谓语动词,所以这里需要用write的过去分词形式来做宾语补足语,所以这里的wtitten是write的过去分词,而不是The book is wtitten by Luxun 中is wtitten 是被动语态,
这个句型就是主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+Vt+O+C)的句型,中学应该也有学的
相应的,前面一句The book is wtitten by Luxun 就是被动句,而后面那句Have you read the books written by Luxun?就自然的归到疑问句的范畴里了,只是比一般的疑问句稍微多了个句子成分而已,而不能说是被动句
He is called Jim.和It is a dog called Poly.这里的called 和is called用的不一样也类似