下载消防代号大全:丘吉尔的资料

温斯顿·伦纳德·斯宾塞·丘吉尔（ Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill，1874年11月30日－1965年1月24日），英国政治家、历史学家、画家、演说家、作家、记者，出身于贵族家庭，父亲伦道夫勋爵曾任英国财政大臣。
　　温斯顿·伦纳德·斯宾塞·丘吉尔1874年生于英格兰牛津郡伍德斯托克。
　　1940年至1945年和1951年至1955年两度出任英国首相，被认为是20世纪最重要的政治领袖之一，领导英国人民赢得了第二次世界大战，是“雅尔塔会议三巨头”之一，战后发表《铁幕演说》，揭开了冷战的序幕。他写的《不需要的战争》获1953年诺贝尔文学奖，著有《第二次世界大战回忆录》16卷、《英语民族史》24卷等。
　　丘吉尔是历史上掌握英语单词数量最多的人之一（十二万多），被美国杂志《人物》列为近百年来世界最有说服力的一大演说家之一，曾荣获诺贝尔和平奖提名。从1929年到1965年，连续36年担任英国布里斯托大学校长。2002年，BBC举行了一个名为“最伟大的100名英国人”的调查，结果丘吉尔获选为有史以来最伟大的英国人。

Sir Winston Churchill

in full Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill
born Nov. 30, 1874, Blenheim Palace, Oxfordshire, Eng.
died Jan. 24, 1965, London

British statesman, orator, and author who as prime minister (1940–45, 1951–55) rallied the British people during World War II and led his country from the brink of defeat to victory.

After a sensational rise to prominence in national politics before World War I, Churchill acquired a reputation for erratic judgment in the war itself and in the decade that followed. Politically suspect in consequence, he was a lonely figure until his response to Adolf Hitler's challenge brought him to leadership of a national coalition in 1940. With Franklin D. Roosevelt and Joseph Stalin he then shaped Allied strategy in World War II, and after the breakdown of the alliance he alerted the West to the expansionist threat of the Soviet Union. He led the Conservative Party back to office in 1951 and remained prime minister until 1955, when ill health forced his resignation.

In Churchill's veins ran the blood of both of the English-speaking peoples whose unity, in peace and war, it was to be a constant purpose of his to promote. Through his father, Lord Randolph Churchill, the meteoric Tory politician, he was directly descended from John Churchill, 1st duke of Marlborough, the hero of the wars against Louis XIV of France in the early 18th century. His mother, Jennie Jerome, a noted beauty, was the daughter of a New York financier and horse racing enthusiast, Leonard W. Jerome.

The young Churchill passed an unhappy and sadly neglected childhood, redeemed only by the affection of Mrs. Everest, his devoted nurse. At Harrow his conspicuously poor academic record seemingly justified his father's decision to enter him into an army career. It was only at the third attempt that he managed to pass the entrance examination to the Royal Military College, now Academy, Sandhurst, but, once there, he applied himself seriously and passed out (graduated) 20th in a class of 130. In 1895, the year of his father's tragic death, he entered the 4th Hussars. Initially the only prospect of action was in Cuba, where he spent a couple of months of leave reporting the Cuban war of independence from Spain for the Daily Graphic (London). In 1896 his regiment went to India, where he saw service as both soldier and journalist on the North-West Frontier (1897). Expanded as The Story of the Malakand Field Force (1898), his dispatches attracted such wide attention as to launch him on the career of authorship that he intermittently pursued throughout his life. In 1897–98 he wrote Savrola (1900), a Ruritanian romance, and got himself attached to Lord Kitchener's Nile expeditionary force in the same dual role of soldier and correspondent. The River War (1899) brilliantly describes the campaign.

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晚年生活
1956年4月，丘吉尔访问联邦德国，因其对推动欧洲一体化的贡献而被授予“查理曼奖”；1958年11月，丘吉尔访问巴黎，获戴高乐总统授予“解放奖章”；1959年11月，丘吉尔继承了“下院之父”的称号。1963年4月，美国国会通过决议，授予丘吉尔美国荣誉公民称号，丘吉尔是第一个获此殊荣的人士。1965年1月24日，丘吉尔因中风去世。巧合的是，丘吉尔的父亲也是在70年前的1月24日去世的。

英国政府为丘吉尔举行了国葬。他的灵柩在西敏寺停放，供民众吊唁，议会也休会三天；灵柩由议会议长和3名政党领袖，以及国防和海陆空参谋长守护，大约有32万民众前来向丘吉尔致敬，包括几十位各国的国家元首和领导人。根据丘吉尔的遗愿，仪式结束后灵柩用游艇运到滑铁卢火车站，在那里鸣礼炮19响，然后用火车把灵柩运到他的出生地布伦海姆宫附近的一个教堂中，与他的父母亲葬在一起。

直到今天丘吉尔还被英国人看作是最伟大的一位首相之一，在2002年由BBC主办的“最伟大的100名英国人”票选活动中，丘吉尔高居榜首。

主要是在二战的时候 但是一结束没多久就下台了
真是现实啊

丘吉尔,英国著名首相,政坛风云人物.

丘吉尔，在二战时，曾是英国伟大的首领，率领国人对法西斯德国进行了生死之搏，最终胜利。阻止了法五斯的进攻