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CONSTITUTING at least two-thirds of the world’s entire northern fur seal population, the Pribilofherd dominates an extraordinary collection of wildlife found on the archipelago and in the surrounding Bering Sea-10 species of seals, sea lions and walruses, 17 types of whales and dolphins, millions of nesting seabirds such as kittiwakes, murres and puffins-that makes the islands a sort of northern Galapagos.
A migratory species, the seals spend half the year foraging across the North Pacific Ocean, returning to local rookeries in the spring and summer to breed and raise their pups. “They’ve been leaving here alive, but they haven’t been coming back,” says Aquilina Lestenkof, a lifelong Pribilof resident and co-director of the ecosystem conservation office for the St. Paul Island tribal government. “ Where are they going? What are they doing there? Are they getting enough to eat?”
Though the Pribilof seals are falling in number, they are not in danger of extinction-at least not yet. In 1988, fur seals were listed as “depleted” under the federal Marine Mammal Protection Act. Since 1998,the number born on Pribilof beaches has dropped almost 6 percent a year, compounding a trend that has continued off and on for half a century. And they aren’t the only Alaska marine animals showing signs of drops. Steller’s sea lions have crashed by 80 percent since the 1970s; sea otters have almost disappeared from the Aleutians. Certain seabirds have plummeted too, and fish stocks are changing.
“Going back into the 1950s and ‘60s, it’s all part of one larger decline that’s not really well understood,” says Rolf Ream, a zoologist at the National Marine Mammal Laboratory in Seattle. “There really more shocking is that it hasn’t shown any sign of recovery. There are just very few ideas, and part of the problem is that we really don’t have a lot of the data we need.”