大连开发区滨海学校吧:Thailand的所有情况（英文）

历史
泰国的来源还是要依靠短期代王朝的国成立于1238年,之后更大动物园的国成立于mid-14th世纪。泰国文化深受影响中国和印度两国。接触各种各样的欧洲列强16th世纪开始的,但是尽管持续的压力,泰国是唯一一个东南亚国家从不已经接管了欧洲的力量,尽管西方的影响,包括武力的威胁,导致了很多改革和专业19th世纪英国商业利益让步,包括亏损的3南部的省份,后来成为了马来西亚的3北部各州。

泰国人非常自豪,他们从来没有殖民地由一位欧洲的力量。主要有两个原因:它离开作为一个缓冲区状态与亚洲的部分地区,被殖民统治的法国人和英国和泰国发生了一系列很有才干的统治者在1800年代。

不流血的是1932年革命导致了一个君主立宪制国家。以前是已知暹罗、韩国首次更名为泰国在1939年,最后于1949年老字号回暖的二战以后形成的。在冲突,泰国一个松散的联盟与日本;跟随其结论泰国成为美国的盟国。泰国然后目睹了一系列军事政变的d 'etat,但进展向民主从1980年代开始。

在泰国官方日历是根据佛教时代,它是543年在西方日历。例如,年公元2006年至2549年是公平的。

2004年12月26日西南海岸的泰国海啸破坏根据2004年印度洋地震。有些地方高达10米。有超过5000人死于这种在泰国,他们中的一半的游客。

政治
国王有小的直接权力宪法规定的不过是受膏者的保护者和泰国佛教国家身份的象征,是统一的。目前的君主享有大量的流行的尊重和道德权威,有时被用来解决政治危机。头部的政府的总理,谁是由国王任命人员中议会下院的议员,通常是党的领导,可以组织一个多数联合政府。

议院的泰国议会是全国人民政权代表大会,rathasaphaรัฐสภา)由众议院(สภาผู้แทนราษฎร,sapha phuthaen ratsadon)的500个席位和参议院(วุฒิสภา,wuthisapha)的200个席位。参众两院选举的成员是由民众投票选举。众议院选举的first-past-the-post系统,只有一个候选人,一个简单多数会当选为在一个选区。参议院是基于省选举系统,可以返回一个省份超过一个参议员凭借群体大小。众议院成员为四年任期,而参议员服务条款。六年法庭系统(ศาล、圣)共分三层,最高司法机关被最高法院(ศาลฎีกา,sandika)的直接任命的法官的君主。泰国的一名活跃会员区域的东南亚国家联盟。

省
泰国分为75个省(จังหวัด,changwat),在此分成5组各省(区、市)的位置。也有特殊管辖地区2:在首都曼谷(Krung摩泰Thep在泰国)和芭堤雅。但仍然是Chonburi芭堤雅的一部分”。和一些泰国人还算数曼谷作为一个省,使泰国76 -省的国家。各省被分成更小的区-在2000年有795个地区(อำเภอ,amphoe),81年街道(กิ่งอำเภอamphoe王)和50名地区曼谷(เขต,khet)。然而,一些地区的边境省份曼谷都被称为大曼谷,pariปริมณฑลmonthon)。这些省份包括Nonthaburi,Pathum Thani,Samut Prakan,泰Pathom,Samut Sakhon。每一个省会城市的名称(เมือง,mueang)一样省:例如,首都清迈省(changwat清迈)是amphoe mueang清迈。75年省如下:

北
清迈,蒋介石夜雨,Kamphaeng Phet、南邦、碧Lamphun,美香港的儿子,萨万泰,男,Phayao,目前,Phichit,Phitsanulok,Phrae代王朝,德,有Thani,Uttaradit
东北
Amnat Charoen,Buri公绵羊,Chaiyaphum,Kalasin,Khon Kaen,Loei,马哈Sarakham,Mukdahan,那泰,泰Ratchasima,侬布Lamphu,侬Khai、投资回报等Sakon泰、硅山偈人,Surin,Ubon Ratchathani,Thani性质,Yasothon
东
Chachoengsao,Chanthaburi,Chon Buri,Prachin Buri,Rayong、撒Kaeo,Trat
中央
和皮带,唱泰斯动物园仁济Nat,分布北碧,垂下Buri,泰Nayok,泰Pathom,Nonthaburi,Pathum Thani,Phetchaburi,Prachuap Khiri汗,Ratchaburi,Samut Prakan,Samut Sakhon,Samut Songkhram,Saraburi,唱Buri,Suphan Buri
南
Chumphon,Krabi,泰斯Thammarat,那拉提,分离反叛分子,Phang Nga,Phatthalung、普吉岛,Ranong,Satun,宋、Surat Thani,Trang,泰国
特殊管辖地区
Krung Thep摩泰(曼谷),Mueang芭堤雅(堤)
看也列出了在泰国的城市

地理
泰国是家里几种不同的地区,部分相应的省组。这个国家的北部是山区,要点是最高的,高度2576米。Inthanon往东北由Khorat高原,它东湄公河。这个国家的中心是以湄南河流域主要平,跑进泰国湾。南由狭窄的快餐厅,更有人马来半岛。

当地的气候是热带和倡导季风。有雨,温暖,多云的西南季风从5月中旬到九月,以及干燥、凉爽东北季风从11月到3月中旬。南方地峡总是炎热和潮湿的。在首都曼谷主要城市Ratchasima包括泰,Thani性质,泰萨万、清迈、Surat Thani、普吉岛和帽子Yai(宋省)。
看也列出了泰国的岛屿

经济
欣赏完世界最高的增长率从1985年到1995年平均每年9% - - - - - - - - - - - -在泰国的货币增加了压力,泰铢,在1997年导致了金融危机,揭示弱点,并迫使政府浮动货币。长25盯住美元、泰铢达到最低点的56美元在1998年1月,经济简约10.2%同一年。崩溃引起了一场广泛的亚洲金融风暴的严峻考验。

泰国在1999年进入了一个恢复阶段,扩大4.2%,2000年增长了4.4%,这在很大程度上是由于强劲的出口,增加到2000年的20%。增长而失色的全球经济在2001年软化,而是把在接下来的几年,由于中国的强劲增长和各种国内刺激计划的总理他信,通常被称为(不得不)使用他信经济。在2003年和2004年增长超过6%,每年。

实质性的行业包括电器、元件、电脑配件和汽车,而旅游业大约5%的泰国经济的国内生产总值。

人口
泰国人口充斥着民族的泰国和老挝,后者则集中在东北地区和化妆周围是个三分之一的人口。还有一个大型社区的泰国的中国人,他在历史上扮演了一个重要的作用的比例的经济。曼谷中国城坐落在Yaowarat道路。其他民族包括马来人在南方,星期一,红色和各种本土山地部落。在越南战争结束后,许多越南难民住在泰国,主要是在东部地区。

根据最近的一次人口普查(2000)94.6%的泰国民众小乘佛教的传统。穆斯林是第二个宗教团体在泰国为4.6%。他们中大多数民族马来人,他们大多是集中在南方,在那里他们形成一个强大的多数四个省。基督徒,主要是天主教徒,占了0.75%的人口。一个微小而影响社区锡克教徒的和一些印度教也住在这个国家的城市。

泰国语的是泰国的民族语言,写在自己的字母,但许多种族和方言存在以及地区主要或柬埔寨人说是个。虽然英语也广为教导在学校、水平较低。

文化
小乘佛教的中心是现代泰国的身份和信念。在部分地区最南端的泰国,伊斯兰教是普遍的。许多不同民族的不同部分在泰国,这些团体重叠多钱在缅甸、老挝、柬埔寨、马来西亚,许多这些团体被社会边缘化在泰国。华人形式泰国社会的一个重要组成部分,特别是在和逛曼谷市,和许多位置的经济和政治力量于华人,包括总理。

祖先的崇拜是泰国的很大一部分精神实践以及慈善僧人。泰国人有很强的恩和好客,而且有一种强烈的社会等级。Honorifics是重要的日常泰国讲话,特别是标题的资历。

泰拳或泰国拳击,是国家体育在泰国和本国的武术。达到世界各地流行于1990年代。类似的武术风格存在于其他东南亚国家。

在泰国的标准是一个prayer-like问候姿势称为围。禁忌包括触摸别人的头或用脚和头都被认为是最高的和最低的脚身体的一部份。踏过某个人,或者食物,被认为是对她们的一种侮辱。书籍和其他文件被认为是最受尊崇的一个世俗的对象—所以不得滑动穿过一个桌子或一本书,把它放在地板上。

泰国是一个君主立宪制国家,是非常受人尊敬的国王和崇敬。侮辱是违法的王室。

五种最基本的泰式美食混合口味:甜、辣、酸、苦、咸。

History
Thailand's origin is traditionally tied to the short-lived kingdom of Sukhothai founded in 1238, after which the larger kingdom of Ayutthaya was established in the mid-14th century. Thai culture was greatly influenced by both China and India. Contact with various European powers began in the 16th century but, despite continued pressure, Thailand is the only Southeast Asian country never to have been taken over by a European power, though Western influence, including the threat of force, led to many reforms in the 19th century and major concessions to British mercantile interests, including the loss of the 3 southern provinces, which later became Malaysia's 3 northern states.

The Thais are very proud that they were never colonized by a European power. There are two main reasons for this: it was left as a buffer state between parts of Asia that were colonised by the French and the British and Thailand had a series of very able rulers in the 1800s.

A mostly bloodless revolution in 1932 led to a constitutional monarchy. Known previously as Siam, the country first changed its name to Thailand in 1939, and definitively in 1949 after reverting to the old name post-World War II. During that conflict Thailand was in a loose alliance with Japan; following its conclusion Thailand became an ally of the United States. Thailand then saw a series of military coups d'état, but progressed towards democracy from the 1980s onward.

The official calendar in Thailand is based on the Buddhist Era, which is 543 years ahead of the western calendar. For example, the year AD 2006 is equal to the year 2549 BE.

On 26 December 2004 the southwest coast of Thailand was devastated by a tsunami following the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. In places it was as high as 10 meters. It killed more than 5,000 people in Thailand, half of them tourists.

Politics
The king has little direct power under the constitution but is the anointed protector of Thai Buddhism and a symbol of national identity and unity. The present monarch enjoys a great deal of popular respect and moral authority, which has on occasion been used to resolve political crises. The head of government is the Prime Minister, who is appointed by the king from among the members of the lower house of parliament, usually the leader of the party that can organise a majority coalition government.

The bicameral Thai parliament is the National Assembly (รัฐสภา, rathasapha) which consists of a House of Representatives (สภาผู้แทนราษฎร, sapha phuthaen ratsadon) of 500 seats and a Senate (วุฒิสภา, wuthisapha) of 200 seats. Members of both houses are elected by popular vote. The House of Representatives is elected by the first-past-the-post system, where only one candidate with a simple majority will be elected in one constituency. The Senate is elected based on the province system, where one province can return more than one Senator depending on its population size. Members of House of Representatives serve four-year terms, while Senators serve six-year terms. The law court system (ศาล, san) has three layers, the highest judicial body being the Supreme Court (ศาลฎีกา, sandika) whose judges are directly appointed by the monarch. Thailand is an active member of the regional Association of Southeast Asian Nations.

Provinces
Thailand is divided into 75 provinces (จังหวัด, changwat), which are grouped into 5 groups of provinces by location. There are also 2 special governed districts: the capital Bangkok (Krung Thep Maha Nakhon in Thai) and Pattaya. However Pattaya is still part of Chonburi Province. And some Thai people still count Bangkok as one province, making Thailand a 76-province country. Each province is divided into smaller districts - as of 2000 there are 795 districts (อำเภอ, amphoe), 81 sub-districts (กิ่งอำเภอ, king amphoe) and 50 districts of Bangkok (เขต, khet). However, some parts of the provinces bordering Bangkok are referred to as Greater Bangkok (ปริมณฑล, pari monthon). These Provinces include Nonthaburi, Pathum Thani, Samut Prakan, Nakhon Pathom, Samut Sakhon. The name of each capital city (เมือง, mueang) is the same as that of the province: for example, the capital of Chiang Mai province (changwat Chiang Mai) is amphoe Mueang Chiang Mai. The 75 provinces are as follows:

North
Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Kamphaeng Phet, Lampang, Lamphun, Mae Hong Son, Nakhon Sawan, Nan, Phayao, Phetchabun, Phichit, Phitsanulok, Phrae, Sukhothai, Tak, Uthai Thani, Uttaradit
Northeast
Amnat Charoen, Buri Ram, Chaiyaphum, Kalasin, Khon Kaen, Loei, Maha Sarakham, Mukdahan, Nakhon Phanom, Nakhon Ratchasima, Nong Bua Lamphu, Nong Khai, Roi Et, Sakon Nakhon, Si Sa Ket, Surin, Ubon Ratchathani, Udon Thani, Yasothon
East
Chachoengsao, Chanthaburi, Chon Buri, Prachin Buri, Rayong, Sa Kaeo, Trat
Central
Ang Thong, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Chai Nat, Kanchanaburi, Lop Buri, Nakhon Nayok, Nakhon Pathom, Nonthaburi, Pathum Thani, Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan, Ratchaburi, Samut Prakan, Samut Sakhon, Samut Songkhram, Saraburi, Sing Buri, Suphan Buri
South
Chumphon, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Narathiwat, Pattani, Phang Nga, Phatthalung, Phuket, Ranong, Satun, Songkhla, Surat Thani, Trang, Yala
Special Governed Districts
Krung Thep Maha Nakhon (Bangkok), Mueang Pattaya (Pattaya)
See also: List of cities in Thailand

Geography
Thailand is home to several distinct geographic regions, partly corresponding to the provincial groups. The north of the country is mountainous, with the highest point being Doi Inthanon at 2,576 m. The northeast consists of the Khorat Plateau, bordered to the east by the Mekong river. The centre of the country is dominated by the predominantly flat Chao Phraya river valley, which runs into the Gulf of Thailand. The south consists of the narrow Kra Isthmus that widens into the Malay Peninsula.

The local climate is tropical and characterised by monsoons. There is a rainy, warm, and cloudy southwest monsoon from mid-May to September, as well as a dry, cool northeast monsoon from November to mid-March. The southern isthmus is always hot and humid. Major cities beside the capital Bangkok include Nakhon Ratchasima, Udon Thani, Nakhon Sawan, Chiang Mai, Surat Thani, Phuket and Hat Yai (Songkhla Province).
See also: List of islands of Thailand

Economy
After enjoying the world's highest growth rate from 1985 to 1995 - averaging almost 9% annually - increased pressure on Thailand's currency, the baht, in 1997 led to a crisis that uncovered financial sector weaknesses and forced the government to float the currency. Long pegged at 25 to the US dollar, the baht reached its lowest point of 56 to the US dollar in January 1998 and the economy contracted by 10.2% that same year. The collapse prompted a wider Asian financial crisis.

Thailand entered a recovery stage in 1999, expanding 4.2% and grew 4.4% in 2000, largely due to strong exports - which increased about 20% in 2000. Growth was dampened by softening of global economy in 2001, but picked up in the subsequent years due to strong growth in China and the various domestic stimulation programs of Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra, popularly known as Thaksinomics. Growth in 2003 and 2004 was over 6% annually.

Substantial industries include electric appliances, components, computer parts and automobiles, while tourism contributes about 5% of the Thai economy's GDP.

Demographics
Thailand's population is dominated by ethnic Thai and Lao, the latter concentrated in the northeastern Isan region and making up around one third of the population. There is also a large community of Thai Chinese, who have historically played a disproportionately significant role in the economy. Bangkok's Chinatown is located on Yaowarat Road. Other ethnic groups include Malays in the south, Mon, Khmer and various indigenous hill tribes. After the end of the Vietnam War, many Vietnamese refugees settled in Thailand, mainly in the eastern regions.

According to the last census (2000) 94.6% of Thais are Buddhists of the Theravada tradition. Muslims are the second religious group in Thailand at 4.6%. Most of them are ethnic Malays and they are mostly concentrated in the south, where they form a strong majority in four provinces. Christians, mainly Catholics, represent 0.75% of the population. A tiny but influential community of Sikhs and some Hindus also live in the country's cities.

The Thai language is Thailand's national language, written in its own alphabet, but many ethnic and regional dialects exist as well as areas where people speak predominantly Isan or Khmer. Although English is widely taught in schools, proficiency is low.

Culture
Theravada Buddhism is central to modern Thai identity and belief. In areas in the Southernmost parts of Thailand, Islam is prevalent. Many different ethnic groups populate different parts of Thailand, some of these groups overlapping much into Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, and Malaysia, and many of these groups are socially marginalized in Thailand. Ethnic Chinese form a significant part of Thai society, particularly in and around Bangkok, and many positions of economic and political power are held by ethnic Chinese, including the Prime Minister.

Worship of ancestors is a large part of Thai spiritual practice, as well as charity towards Buddhist monks. Thais have a very strong sense of graciousness and hospitality, but also a strong sense of social hierarchy. Honorifics are important in day-to-day Thai speech, especially titles of seniority.

Muay Thai, or Thai boxing, is the national sport in Thailand and its native martial art. It reached popularity all over the world in the 1990s. Similar martial art styles exist in other southeast Asian countries.

The standard greeting in Thailand is a prayer-like gesture called the wai. Taboos include touching someone's head or pointing with the feet, as the head is considered the highest and the foot the lowest part of the body. Stepping over someone, or over food, is considered insulting. Books and other documents are considered the most revered of secular objects - therefore one should not slide a book across a table or place it on the floor.

Thailand is a constitutional monarchy and the King is extremely respected and revered. It is illegal to insult the Royal Family.

Thai cuisine blends five fundamental tastes: sweet, spicy, sour, bitter and salty.

Full Country Name: Thailand (Prathet Thai, meaning "land of the free")

Capital: Bangkok (Krung Thep, meaning "city of angels")

Geography:

The kingdom of Thailand lies in the heart of Southeast Asia, making it a natural gateway to Indochina, Myanmar and Southern China. Its shape and geography divide into four natural regions : the mountains and forests of the North; the vast rice fields of the Central Plains; the semi-arid farm lands of the Northeast plateau; and the tropical islands and long coastline of the peninsula South.

The country comprises 76 provinces that are further divided into districts, sub-districts and villages. Bangkok is the capital city and centre of political, commercial, industrial and cultural activities. It is also the seat of Thailand's revered Royal Family, with His Majesty the King recognised as Head of State, Head of the Armed Forces, Upholder of the Buddhist religion and Upholder of all religions.

Full Country Name: Thailand (Prathet Thai, meaning "land of the free")

Capital: Bangkok (Krung Thep, meaning "city of angels")

Geography:

The kingdom of Thailand lies in the heart of Southeast Asia, making it a natural gateway to Indochina, Myanmar and Southern China. Its shape and geography divide into four natural regions : the mountains and forests of the North; the vast rice fields of the Central Plains; the semi-arid farm lands of the Northeast plateau; and the tropical islands and long coastline of the peninsula South.

The country comprises 76 provinces that are further divided into districts, sub-districts and villages. Bangkok is the capital city and centre of political, commercial, industrial and cultural activities. It is also the seat of Thailand's revered Royal Family, with His Majesty the King recognised as Head of State, Head of the Armed Forces, Upholder of the Buddhist religion and Upholder of all religions.

Thailand is a constitutional monarchy with His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej, or King Rama IX, the ninth king of the Chakri Dynasty, the present king. The King has reigned for more than half a century, making him the longest reigning Thai monarch. Thailand embraces a rich diversity of cultures and traditions. With its proud history, tropical climate and renowned hospitality, the Kingdom is a never-ending source of fascination and pleasure for international visitors.

Neighboring Countries:
1) Myanmar - west and north,
2) Lao P.D.R. - north and northeast,
3) Cambodia - southeast and
4) Malaysia - south.

Area: 513,115 sq. km.

Topography:

Thailand is divided into 4 natural regions:

The mountainous North, with its profusion of multi-coloured orchids, fascinating native handicrafts and winter temperatures are sufficiently cool to permit cultivation of temperate fruits such as strawberries and peaches;

The high Northeast Plateau, which still jealously guards its many archaeological and anthropological mysteries;

The Central Plain, one of the world's most fertile rice and fruit-growing areas with colourful traditional culture and way of life as well as the sandy beaches of the East Coast and vibrant cosmopolitan Bangkok;

The peninsular South where the unspoiled beaches and idyllic islands complement economically vital tin mining, rubber cultivation and fishing.

Population:

Thais are well-known for their friendliness and hospitality. A large majority of over 62 million citizens of Thailand are ethic Thai, along with strong communities whose ethnic origins lie in China, India and elsewhere. About 7 million people reside in the capital city of Bangkok.

People:

Thai (80%), Chinese (10%), Malay (3%), and the rest are minorities (Mons, Khmers, hill tribes) Ethnic Thais form the majority, though the area has historically been a migratory crossroads, and has thus produced a degree of ethnic diversity. Integration is such, however, that culturally and socially there is enormous unity.

Language:

Spoken and written Thai is largely incomprehensible to the casual visitor. However, English is widely understood, particularly in Bangkok where it is almost the major commercial language. English and some European Languages are spoken in most hotels, shops and restaurants in major tourist destinations, and Thai-English road and street signs are found nationwide.

Religion: Buddhism (95%), Muslim (4%), others (1%)

Government:

Thailand has had a constitutional monarchy since 1932. Parliament is composed of 2 houses, The House of Representatives and the Senate. Both representatives and senators are elected by the people. A prime minister elected from among the representatives leads the government. The country is divided into 76 provinces. The Bangkok Metropolitan Administration comes under an elected governor. Appointed provincial governors administer the other 75 provinces (Changwat), which are divided into districts (Amphoe), sub-districts (Tambon) and villages (Mu Ban).

Head of State:

H.R.H. King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX of the Chakri Dynasty)

Prime Minister: Thaksin Shinawatra

Administration:

76 provinces, each subdivided into amphoe (district), tambon (sub-district) and muban (village)

National Flag:

The red, white, and blue stripes symbolize the nation, Buddhism, and the monarchy, respectively.