鬼泣四:《对酒》秋瑾和《狱中题壁》谭嗣同翻译及赏析

知道秋瑾的也许大都是从她那首《对酒》开始的，全诗如下：
不惜千金买宝刀，
貂裘换酒也堪豪。
一腔热血勤珍重，
洒去犹能化碧涛。
Knew perhaps Qiu Jin mostly is "to Liquor" starts from her that, entire poem as follows:

Does not hesitate the daughter to buy the treasured sword, the dissolute life of the rich or celebrated also endures boldly. The doggedly sincere industriously treasures, sprinkles still can melt blue Tao.
在日本，她有时真的穿着“貂裘”，但绝不像今天的“貂裘小蜜”一族们那样，手里抱个沙皮哈巴狗。她的手里是真的拿着宝刀的，那宝刀今天存放在绍兴的纪念馆里。后来大概貂裘真的换酒了，她就穿男式和服，穿学生制服，有时又穿得像个浪人。她的穿衣不像现在大街上一些人因心灵空虚精神苍白而打扮得标新立异哗众取宠，而是与她的整个革命活动联为一体的。她发起过“共爱会”，“十人会”，加入过“光复会”，“同盟会”，而且还是“洪门天地会”横滨分舵的“白纸扇”，即大军师。
different wins favor by ostentation, but is and her entire revolutionary activity association is a body. She initiates "altogether has loved the meeting", "ten human of meetings", has joined "the restoration society", "the alliance association", moreover "Hongmen Secret Society heaven and earth society" Yokohama minute rudder "white paper fan", namely big military strategist.
秋瑾回国后的革命壮举和慷慨就义，是大多数人都知道的。这里只说秋瑾爱穿男装，是代表了当时中国最觉醒的女性的时装潮流。当时女性觉醒的标志，就是争取有与男人一样的权利。读她的《对酒》，不知道的会以为这是爷们写的。其实中国的男性写的东西，多数是女性化的。一千多年前的花蕊夫人早就痛骂过：“君王城上竖降旗，妾在深宫那得知？二十万人齐解甲，宁无一个是男儿！”九百年后，秋瑾又接着诘问：“肮脏尘寰，问几个男儿英哲？算只有蛾眉时闻杰出。”秋瑾生活的时代，人们已经痛感中国的极度女性化，因此涌现出一批豪侠刚烈女士，以夸张的男性化生活姿态向传统社会挑战。秋瑾身为女性，但她时时反抗命运加给自己的性别身份。她恨苍天“苦将侬，强派作蛾眉，殊未屑！”她说，“身不得男儿列，心却比男儿烈。”又宣称“休言女子非英物，夜夜龙泉壁上鸣！”
在当今文化界，葛红兵说过一句话我深表赞同，大意是中国现在流行两种散文，一种是小女人散文，另一种老男人散文。这种状况与社会风气总不能说是毫无关联吧，现在有些小男人如果不骂秋瑾是“疯子”、“变态”的话，真是连上吊都解不开裤腰带的。这是当代中国的男人们自当引以为深思的。

Qiu Jin returns to homeland the after revolutionary magnificent feat and died a martyr's death, is the majority people all knows. Here only said Qiu Jin likes putting on the men's clothing, has represented the feminine fashionable clothing tidal current which China most awakened at that time. At that time the female awakened the symbol, was strives for has with the man same right. Reads her "to Liquor", does not know can think this is the men writes. Actually China's male writes the thing, are most is the feminization. More than 1,000 year ago stamen and pistil madame already has given scolding: "In the king city the vertical stroke lowers a flag, the concubine knew in deep palace that? 200,000 people surrender together, rather does not have is the son!" After 900 years, Qiu Jin then questions: "The dirty world, asked several sons England is wise? Calculates when the eyebrows of a beautiful woman hears outstandingly." Qiu Jin lives time, people already pain China's extreme feminization, therefore emerges one group of chivalrous people staunch women, by virilized life posture which exaggerates to traditional society challenge. The Qiu Jin body is a female, but she revolts against the destiny to add at times for own sex status. She hates the heaven "painstakingly me, the strong faction makes the eyebrows of a beautiful woman, different not filings!" She said that, "the body does not have the son to arrange in order, the heart is actually fiercer than the son." Also declared "rests word female non- England, on the Longquan wall calls every night!" In now the cultural circle, Ge Hongbing had said a speech I express deeply the approval, the general idea am China now the popular two kind of proses, one kind is the concubine prose, another kind of old man prose. This kind of condition and the social convention cannot say is not connected, now some little men if do not scold Qiu Jin is "the lunatic", "the metamorphosis", really is the company hangs oneself cannot untie waistband. This is the Contemporary China men from when 引以 for thinks deeply.
《狱中题壁》谭嗣同
望门投止（宿）思张俭， 忍死须臾待杜根。 我自横刀向天笑， 去留肝胆两昆仑。
"In Prison Wall inscription" Tan Sitong

Seeks shelter wherever one sees a door (sleeps) thinks opens thriftily, endures to die the moment to treat the Du root. I smile from the horizontal knife to the day, remove or retain courage two Kunlun Mountains.
诗的前二句，表达了谭嗣同对在戊戌变法失败后逃亡在外的康有为、梁启超等同志的思念，他们正处在险恶、艰苦的环境中，希望他们能得到人们的帮助，度过险情；同时也对他们寄予了无限的期望，希望他们能等待时机，东山再起，以实现他们共同的理想。这里他运用了两个典故——东汉人张俭和杜根，贴切地表达他的这种心情。
Poem first two, expressed Tan Sitong to become a fugitive after the Reform Movement of 1898 defeat in the and so on outside Comrade Kang Youwei's, Liang Qichao missing, they were occupying dangerously, in the difficult environment, hoped they could obtain people's help, passed the dangerous situation; At the same time has also placed the infinite expectation to them, hoped they can wait for the opportunity, stages a comeback, by realizes their common ideal. Here he has utilized two literary references - Eastern Han Dynasty person Zhang Jian and the Du root, appropriately voices his this kind of feelings.
后两句，写出了他的英雄气概：“我自横刀向天笑，去留肝胆两昆仑。”面对死亡，他仰天大笑，这是何等的大无畏精神。戊戌变法失败后，他本是有时间出逃的，朋友们都劝他出去避一避，但他却下定决心以身殉难，但同时他也希望能保留一批同志，以图将来，所以他劝梁启超出逃，他说：“不有行者，无以图将来；不有死者，不以召后人！”就是说无论是去者还是留者，都是为着共同的事业，都是赤胆忠心的大英雄，所以说“去留肝胆两昆仑，“去”的指康有为、梁启超等人，“留”的指谭嗣同等戊戌六君子及其他死难者，他们各得其所，一样的崇高，一样的伟大。
Latter two, have written his heroic spirit: "I smile from the horizontal knife to the day, remove or retain courage two Kunlun Mountains." Facing the death, he has a good laugh, this is the what kind dauntless spirit. After the Reform Movement of 1898 defeat, he this has the time to flee, the friends all urge him to exit to evade, but he sets firm resolve by the body to die for a just cause actually, but at the same time he also hoped can retain one group of comrades, by chart future, therefore he urges Liang Qichao to flee, he said: "Does not have the traveler, will not have by the chart future; Does not have the dead, by does not summon the posterity!" Is said regardless of is going to keeping, all is for the common enterprise, all is the utter devotion big hero, therefore said "remove or retain courage two Kunlun Mountains," goes "refers to human and so on Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao," remains "refers to 戊戌 six gentlemen and other victims and so on the Tan Sitong, they take their proper place, same lofty, same great.
祝天天开心

不惜千金买宝刀，

貂裘换酒也堪豪②。

一腔热血勤珍重，

洒去犹能化碧涛③。

注释
注释
①吴芝瑛《记秋女侠遗事》提到，秋瑾在日本留学时曾购一宝刀，诗当写于此时。这首诗表现了秋瑾轻视金钱的豪侠性格和杀身成仁的革命精神。

②貂裘换酒：以貂皮制成的衣裘换酒喝。多用来形容名士或富贵者的风流放诞和豪爽。秋瑾以一女子，而作如此语，其豪侠形象跃然纸上。

③“一腔”二句：要珍惜自己的满腔热血，将来献出它时，定能化成碧绿的波涛(意即掀起革命的风暴)。勤，常常，多。碧涛，用《庄子·外物》典：“苌弘死于蜀，藏其血，三年而化为碧。”苌弘是周朝的大夫，忠于祖国，遭奸臣陷害，自杀于蜀，当时的人把他的血用石匣藏起来，三年后化为碧玉。后世多以碧血指烈士流的鲜血