使徒行者2电影剧情介绍:搜集英文典故的单词

来源:百度文库 编辑:高考问答 时间:2024/05/06 18:30:07
比如:achilles`heel 阿卡流斯之踵 (致命伤的意思)
这一类的词语。一定要这类典故的词语,不是要英文俚语。好的回答可以追加分数,谢谢大家。
越多越好,多多益善

cry wolf 虚发警报;慌报险情;危言耸听
bell the cat 自告奋勇去冒险;老虎头上拍苍蝇
a dog in the manger 占着茅坑不拉屎的人
Fish in Troubled Waters浑水摸鱼;趁火打劫;陷于混乱
cat's paw 被他人利用的人;受人愚弄者
Pull the chestnuts out of the fire火中取栗;替别人冒险
attic salt优雅的俏皮话;妙语
john bull(s)约翰牛;英国佬
Grin like a cheshire cat咧嘴傻笑;露齿嬉笑
A storm in a Teacup杯水风波;小题大做;大惊小怪
a tower of ivory 或an ivory tower象牙之塔;世外桃源
have an axe to grind别有用心;另有企图;怀有私心
separate the sheep from the goats区别好坏,分清良莠

a Cleopatra(克娄巴特拉),指绝代佳人——这是莎士比亚戏剧《安东尼和克娄巴特拉》中的人物。

a Shylock(夏洛克),指贪婪、残忍、追求钱财、不择手段的守财权——这是另一个莎士比亚戏剧《威尼斯商人》中的人物。

a Dr.Jekyll and Mr.Hyde(吉基尔医生和海德先生),指有双重性格的人;一方面善良、温和(吉基尔医生),另一方面凶恶、残暴(海德先生)——这是史蒂文生的小说《吉基尔医生和海德先生传》中的人物。

a Frankenstein(弗兰金斯坦;人们常说“制造一个弗兰金斯坦”),指杀伤原制造者的怪物或东西,也指制造这种东西的人以及可伯的怪物或人——这是玛丽·雪莱的小说《弗兰金斯坦》中的人物。这本书的主人公是医学院的学生。他把尸体中的骨头取来,制造了一个似人的怪物,最后自己被这个怪物杀害。

a Sherlock Holmes(歇洛克·福尔摩斯),指有非凡才能的侦探或敏锐精明的人,这种人善于通过仔细观察、科学分析和逻辑推理,进行追捕或解决疑难问题——歇洛克·福尔摩斯是阿瑟·柯南道尔著名侦探。
1. an apple of discord
any subject of disagreement and contention, the root of the trouble, dispute不和之因;祸根
eg: he throwing us an apple of discord, we soon quarreled again.
The dispute about inheriting estate formed an apple of discord between them
This problem seem to be an apple of discord between the Soviet Union and the USA.

2. The heel of Achilles/the Achilles’ heel
a week point in sth that is otherwise without fault; the weakest spot
eg:
The shortage of fortitude is his heel of Achilles.
His Achilles’ heel was his pride—he would get very angry if anyone criticized his work.
English might be his Achilles’ heel.

3.Helen of Troy:
a beauty who ruins her country. A terrible disaster brought by somebody or sth you like best.
eg: It is unfair that historians always attribute the fall of kingdoms to Helen of Troy.
She didn’t think of the beautiful umbrella bought the day before should become a Helen of Troy in her family. Because of this she and her husband quarreled for a long time.

4.The Trojan horse:
the hidden danger; the covert wreckers; to engage in underhand activities
The superpowers are always sending the Trojan Horses to many countries in the world.
They are defeated only because of the Trojan horse to many countries in the world.
They are defeated only because of the Trojan horse in their country.

5.Greek Gifts:
a gift with some sinister purpose of the enemy. A gift sent in order to murder somebody. = when the fox preaches, take care of your geese.
1.he is always buying you expensive clothes, I’m afraid they are Greek gifts for you.
2.Comrades, be on guard against the Greek gifts.

6.A Penelope’s web, the web of Penelope:a chaste woman, a Penelope’s web, the tactics of delaying sth on purpose; the task that can never be finished.
1. Mr. Jones made a long speech at the meeting. Everyone else though it a Penelope’s web.

7.Swan Song: black swan. A last or fare well appearance; the last work before death.
1. all the tickets have been sold for the singer’s performance in London this week----the public clearly believes that this will be her swan song.
2. The Tempest was Shakespeare’s swan song in 1612.
3. before turning over the gavel, he delivered the swan song as chairman of the board.
4. this building turned out to be the swan song of Victorian architecture.

8.Win/gain laurels: to win reputation; to acquire honor.

9.To look to one’s laurels: to beware of losing one’s reputation; to keep one’s record from being beaten by others. 卫冕

http://www.hjenglish.com/page/6893/

1 a dog in the manger 占着茅坑不拉屎的人

出自《伊索寓言》(Aesop's Fables),有一篇狗站马槽的故事,说的是一头狗躺在堆满稻草的马槽里,狗是不吃草的动物,而当马或牛一走进稻草时,这头狗却朝着马,牛狂哮,不准食草动物享用。
因此,“狗站马槽”就成了一个家喻户晓的成语而进入英语中,常用来比喻a person who prevents others from enjoying sth that is useless to himself; a churlish fellow who will neither use a thing himself nor let others use it,讽刺那些占据说职位或某些物质却不做事的人。

2 2.bell the cat 自告奋勇去冒险;老虎头上拍苍蝇

bell the cat系成语to hang the bell about the cat's neck的简略,愿意是“给猫的脖子上挂铃”。它来自《伊索寓言》(Aesop's Fables)中的《老鼠会议》(The Mice in Council)

这篇寓言讲的是:一群老鼠在鼠洞里举行会议,讨论如何对付凶狠的猫。白胡须老鼠提出:“我有个方法,在猫的脖子上挂一个铃。这样,猫一走动铃就响,我们就可以闻铃声而逃避了”,群鼠一致同意这个建议,欢呼:“That's a capital idea.We will bell the cat!No more fear of the cat!”但是,谁去给猫挂铃铛呢?没有一只老鼠敢去,一个个都溜掉了。老鼠会议豪无结果,它们不安全的境况当然也无法改善。
3.cry wolf 虚发警报;慌报险情;危言耸听

cry wolf来自《伊索寓言》:《牧童和狼》(The Shepherdboy and the wolf)

有个牧童在离村子不远的山坡上放羊,有一次,他为了开心作乐,突然大喊:“Help!Help!The wolf!”全村的人都闻声跑来援助他时,才知道这只是开玩笑。如此恶作剧搞了两三次。后来,狼真的来了,那个牧童再呼号求救时,谁也不理会他了。于是,狼把他的羊吃了。

4.Fish in Troubled Waters 浑水摸鱼;趁火打劫;陷于混乱

Fish in Troubled Waters直译是:“浑水里捕鱼”,出自《伊索寓言·渔夫》

这篇寓言江的是:有个渔夫在河里张网捕鱼,他把鱼网横栏在河道里,然后拿了一条缚着石块的绳子,不停的拍击河水,使泥沙泛起,河水浑浊,鱼儿在慌乱中纷纷自投罗网,渔夫用这个方法捕得了好多鱼。但住在附近的人指责渔夫说:“我们饮水全靠这条河,你把水搞得这么浑,叫我们到哪里去找清水饮用呢?”渔夫回答说:“可是,我若不把水搞浑,那就非饿死不可了”

因此,人们常用to fish in trouble waters比喻to try to win advantages for oneself from a disturbed state of affairs; to make use of sb's misfortune to serve one's own ends.并因此产生了谚语it’s good fishing in troubled waters(混水好摸鱼)。

5.cat's paw 被他人利用的人;受人愚弄者

cat's paw也坐cat's-paw或catspaw,字面意思“猫爪子”,出典17世纪法国著名的寓言作家拉·封丹的《猴子与猫》。
讲的是狡猾的猴子哄骗头脑简单的猫儿,替它从炉火中取出烤熟的栗子来。猫儿应命去做,结果猫爪子被火烧伤了,而取出的栗子却被猴子吃光了。

追根嗍源,远在公元前3世纪的《伊索寓言》中就有这个故事,不过没有题目。

cat's paw常用来比喻a person used as a tool by another; one who is used merely for the convenience of a cleverer or stronger person之意。按其内涵,这个成语与汉语成语“为虎作伥”所比喻的意义相似,仅是动物的形象不同

6.Pull the chestnuts out of the fire火中取栗;替别人冒险

Pull the chestnuts out of the fire来自法国著名的寓言作家拉·封丹的《猴子与猫》。

cat's paw与Pull the chestnuts out of the fire是同源成语,但两个成语无论在结构上或意义上都不相同,前者比喻充当别人的工具或爪牙,后者常用来表示to do sth dangerous for others的意思。

这个成语也作to pull sb's chestnuts,或者to put the chestnuts for sb.

7. attic salt 优雅的俏皮话;妙语

attic salt的字面意思是“阿提卡的盐”。阿提卡洲(attica)是希腊东南部的一个州,其首府是雅典。阿提卡州是个半岛,工商业发达,特别盛产海盐,相传,阿提卡州的盐比希腊其他地方出产的盐精细有味,深受欢迎。阿提卡人机智风趣,善于说俏皮话,以幽雅的诙谐著称于世。

这个成语出自古罗马著名的作家和演说家西塞罗(Marcus Tullius Cicero,公元前106-前43)。他的论文和演讲词,都是文体和标准拉丁语的典范,在其作品中论述了古希腊人精心研究的雄辩术理论,特别提到以口齿锋利著称的阿提卡人。公元前55年,西塞罗以文艺对话形式写的主要著作《辩论》(De oratore),探讨了演讲艺术中的诙谐问题。他说,妙语应当含有“盐味”,象“阿提卡的盐”那样有味。

在现在英语中,salt一词含有“风趣”,“兴味”等转义。成语attic salt常用来表示poignant delicate wit;wit of a refined quality。因此也可写attic wit.

8.one's pound of flesh 残酷榨取;割肉还债

相信大家都看过莎士比亚的《威尼斯商人》。这里就不加以介绍。one's pound of flesh比喻to insist cruelly on repayment of what was borrowed,常用在have, demand, exact, want, ask for等之后。

eg: If you borrow from the scoundredl, you may be sure he'll demand his pound of flesh.

Their boss pays the highest wages, but he wants his pound of flesh in return and makes them work very hard.

9. john bull(s) 约翰牛;英国佬

“约翰牛”是英国人的绰号,意义是english nation, the typical Englishmen.这个雅号是英国人自己取的,出自16世纪英国著名作家兼宫廷御医约翰·阿布斯诺特(John Arbuthnot,1667--1735)的政治讽刺作品。

阿布斯诺特在1712年写了一本讽刺小说,名叫《约翰牛的生平》(The History of John Bull),该书的主人公约翰牛就是英国的人格化、形象化。

作者笔下的约翰牛,是个英国“自由民”,为人粗暴冷酷,桀骜不逊,颇有些牛劲。他盛气凌人、欺辱弱者,如果谁流露出对他稍微表示不满的反抗情绪,他立即摆出一副格斗的架势。作者通过这个赳赳武夫的形象,暗喻当年英国的专横跋扈,抨击“民权党”(英国自由党的前身)的好战策略。显然,这个绰号最初含贬斥色彩。

10.Grin like a cheshire cat 咧嘴傻笑;露齿嬉笑

Grin like a cheshire cat字面意思是“象柴郡猫那样咧开嘴笑”,这个成语也可写成to wear/have a grin like a Cheshire cat,或to smile like a Cheshire cat。关于这个成语有2种说法

Cheshire是英格兰西部的一郡,当地出产一种颇有特色的干酪,叫“柴郡干酪”(Cheshire cheese),曾经一度作成象笑脸猫的形状。另一种说法是:柴郡有位画家,他给当地旅馆绘画的招牌上,都画了一只咧着嘴笑的狮子。

艾里克·帕特里奇先生(Mr. Eric Partridge)认为,这个成语大约从1770年开始就作为贬义词使用。英国《朗曼英国成语词典》等辞书,认为这个成语源自维多利亚女王时代(1835--1901),英国数学家和童话作家刘易斯·卡洛尔(Lewis Carroll,1832--1898)在他所写的童话《阿丽思漫游奇境记》(Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)中详细的描述了公爵夫人家中的一只柴郡猫。《阿丽思漫游奇境记》第6章有段这样的对话:

"Please, would you tell me," said Alice a little limidly... "why your cat grins like that?"

"It's a Cheshire cat," said the Duchess, "and that's why."

卡洛尔的童话,通过虚幻离奇的情节,嘲讽了19世纪后半期英国的社会现象。《阿丽思漫游奇境记》在1865年7月问世后,轰动了全英国。作者由此一举成名。“柴郡猫”的生动想象,是否他所创造,有待于进一步考证,但to grin like a Cheshire cat是随着该书的风行而被广泛使用,应无疑义。根据书中的描述,这个成语常用来表示to grin broadly, showing great amusement; to laugh at nothing that is amusing; to smile widely, in such a way that on shows all one's teeth.

11.A storm in a Teacup 杯水风波;小题大做;大惊小怪

A storm in a Teacup字面意思“茶杯里的风暴”;美国英语为“a tempest in a teapot/barrel”,也作tea-pot tempest.

A storm in a Teacup出自法国著名作家巴尔扎克(Honore de Balzac,1799-1850)记述,这句话出自18世纪法国哲学家和思想家孟德斯鸠的名言。
有一次,他听说圣马力诺发生了政治动乱,就用“茶杯里的风暴”来评论。因为圣马力诺是欧洲最小的共和国,只有一万人口,孟德斯鸠认为那里的动乱对整个欧洲局势无足轻重。

探源搠流,远在公元前古希腊了罗马的名人著作中就有过类似的形象比喻。如古罗马著名作家和演说家西塞罗(Cicero)在其著作《论法律》中就有这样的话:excitare fluctus in simpulo,意即to stir up waves in a ladle。此外,还有a storm in a cream-bowl;a storm in a wash-hand basin等说法。尽管它们比喻的形象不同,但都是用来表示much excitement about something trivial;a lot of fuss about a trifle之意。按其比喻意义,相当与“小题大做”大惊小怪。

12. a tower of ivory或an ivory tower 象牙之塔;世外桃源

a tower of ivory常用来比喻一种与世隔绝的梦幻境地,即the place of seclusion or retreat from realisties of life.

She lives in a tower of ivory apart from her friends.

They view college as an ivory tower.

13.have an axe to grind 别有用心;另有企图;怀有私心

have an axe to grind是个源自美国的成语,字面意思是“让斧头磨一磨”,寓意是to have private interests to serve; to have sth to gain for oneself; to have a selfish reason等之意。

据英国《朗曼英国成语词典》等记述。这个成语出自美国著名的政治家、科学家本杰明·富兰克林(Benjamin Franklin,1706--1790)所写的一则故事。富兰克林幼年时,在院子里遇到一个带有斧头的陌生人,那人称赞院子里那个磨石(grindstone)很好,想看看它好不好使,便花言巧语的让他转动磨石,而那人就在上面磨利自己的斧头。

据“美国之音”英语广播节目《词汇掌故》说,这个成语出自1810年美国宾夕法尼亚(Pennsylvania)一家报纸上首次刊登的一则故事。故事说的是有个陌生人手持一把斧头,想找磨石来磨利他的斧头。他在街上遇到一个男孩,就问道:“好孩子,你爸爸有磨石吗?”那男孩就带他到家里来,帮他转动磨石磨斧头。这对一个孩子来说是件艰苦的活,男孩把手都磨破了,累个半死才把斧头磨得闪闪发光。那个人见目的达到,不仅没向小孩道谢,反而教训孩子快点去上学,以免迟到.

1,A Greek gift 一个不怀好意的礼物(指木马记中的木马)
2,Cold shoulder 冷淡的招待(以前的英国人用冷的”羊肩肉”对待不重要的客人)
3,Get the sack 被解雇(以前工匠给顾主干活时把工具和行李放在袋子里,交给雇住保管,被解雇后就拿回袋子离开了)
4,the writing on the wall 灾祸的预兆(当贝尔沙扎国王在宫殿作乐时,有只神秘的手在墙上写了预言他的帝国将灭亡,后应验)
5,in apple-pie order 井井有条(美国新英格兰的妇女做苹果馅饼时,总是把苹果切成整齐均匀的薄片,在一片片放进面粉里,排的井然有序)

Adam's apple 亚当的苹果(喉结的意思)

A little bird told me一只小鸟告诉我的(意为听人家说的;有人私下告诉我的)
Apple of discord不和的苹果(意为祸根,不和之源,争端起因)
举例:"How did you find out I had a new girlfriend?""Ah,a little
bird told me!"你怎么知道我有了个新的女朋友?啊,我听人家说的.
A little bird told me had an arguement with your wife over another woman.有人告诉我你为另一个女人与太太发生了争执.
The girls in the workshop had been getting along quite well until
the arrival of a handsome young apprentice.He became the apple of discord among them.工厂里的女孩子们相处得一直很好,但来了一个英俊的小伙子后就不行了,他成了她们之间不和的根源.
A little bird told me这是一广为人知的短语.自古以来,人们对小鸟一直怀有一种敬畏之情.古希腊罗马的预言家们声称他们的先知先觉是听懂鸟语的结果;早期的一些宗教木刻画也反映了牧师们倾听小鸟的低声轻语的情况.据此便有了这一短语.
Apple of discord 源自于希腊神话”金苹果”的故事.不和女神厄里斯因未被邀请去参加国王与王后的婚礼而耿耿于怀.为发泄心中的怨恨,她往新婚宴席的桌上扔了一只金苹果,上刻着”献给最美的人”几个字.在场的三位女神都认为自己最美.金苹果非我莫属,她们互不相让,从而引起一场难以裁决的纷争.这个短语便由此得来
be left in the basket"被置于篮子之中”源自英国旧时习俗.旧时英国的一些教堂门前放置几只篮子或筐子,以便接受弃婴.免得他们因无人照看而夭折.这些弃婴多为私生子或穷苦人家的孩子.由此产生这一短语,意为”被抛弃(忽视,搁置)或落选”
All other plans are left in the basket.
所有其他方案都被搁置在一旁.
All the guests were treated cordially ,only he was left in the basket .所有的客人都受到了热情款待,只有他倍受冷落.

Adam's apple