高考问答贾马拉野生动物旅馆:电容的ESR和ESL
来源：百度文库 编辑：高考问答 时间：2024/04/28 06:58:00
一只电容器会因其构造而产生各种阻抗、感抗，比较重要的就是ESR等效串联电阻及ESL等效串联电感—这就是容抗的基础。电容器提供电容量，要电阻干嘛？故ESR及ESL也要求低…低；但low ESR/low ESL通常都是高级系列。
ESR的高低，与电容器的容量、电压、频率及温度…都有关连，当额定电压固定时，容量愈大 ESR愈低。有人习惯用将多颗小电容并接成一颗大电容以降低阻抗，其理论是电阻并联阻值降低。但若考虑电容接脚焊点的阻抗，以小并大，不见得一定会有收获。
反过来说，当容量固定时，选用高WV额定电压的品种也能降低 ESR；故耐压高确实好处多多。频率的影响：低频时ESR高，高频时ESR低；当然，高温也会造成ESR的提升。
串联等效电阻ESR的单位是mΩ，高级系列电容常是low ESR及low ESL。若比较低内阻及低漏电流两种特性，则低内阻容易达成，故标示low ESR的电容倒很常见。ESR与损失角有关联，ESR＝tanδ/(ω×Cs)，Cs是电容量。 有时电容器规格上会有Z，它与ESR的意义不同，但Z的计算示与ESR有关，同时也考虑到容抗及感抗，是真正的内阻。刚才提到电容的ESR单位是mΩ，那是指大电容，若是220μF小容量电容，其ESR单位就不是mΩ而是Ω。
注：ESR（equivalent series resistance）
Capacitor Selection
Select input and output filter capacitors to service inductor currents while minimizing voltage ripple. The input filter capacitor reduces peak currents and noise at the voltage source. The MAX1684/MAX1685s’ loop gain is relatively low to enable the use of small, low-value output filter capacitors. Higher capacitor values provide improved output ripple and transient response. Low-ESR capacitors are recommended. Capacitor ESR is a major contributor to output ripple (usually more than 60%). Avoid ordinary aluminum electrolytic capacitors, as they typically have high ESR. Low-ESR aluminum electrolytic capacitors are acceptable and relatively inexpensive. Low-ESR tantalum capacitors are better and provide a compact solution for space-constrained surface-mount designs. Do not exceed the ripple-current ratings of tantalum capacitors. Ceramic capacitors offer the lowest ESR overall. Sanyo OS-CON capacitors have the lowest ESR of the high-value electrolytic types. Use ceramic and OS-CON capacitors for very compact, high-reliability, or wide-temperature applications, where expense is justified. When using very low ESR capacitors, such as ceramic or OS-CON, check for stability while examining load-transient response, and increase the output compensation capacitor if needed.
(Abstracted from MAX1685 Datasheet)
ESR的高低，与电容器的容量、电压、频率及温度…都有关连，当额定电压固定时，容量愈大 ESR愈低。有人习惯用将多颗小电容并接成一颗大电容以降低阻抗，其理论是电阻并联阻值降低。但若考虑电容接脚焊点的阻抗，以小并大，不见得一定会有收获。
反过来说，当容量固定时，选用高WV额定电压的品种也能降低 ESR；故耐压高确实好处多多。频率的影响：低频时ESR高，高频时ESR低；当然，高温也会造成ESR的提升。
串联等效电阻ESR的单位是mΩ，高级系列电容常是low ESR及low ESL。若比较低内阻及低漏电流两种特性，则低内阻容易达成，故标示low ESR的电容倒很常见。ESR与损失角有关联，ESR＝tanδ/(ω×Cs)，Cs是电容量。 有时电容器规格上会有Z，它与ESR的意义不同，但Z的计算示与ESR有关，同时也考虑到容抗及感抗，是真正的内阻。刚才提到电容的ESR单位是mΩ，那是指大电容，若是220μF小容量电容，其ESR单位就不是mΩ而是Ω。
注：ESR（equivalent series resistance）
Capacitor Selection
Select input and output filter capacitors to service inductor currents while minimizing voltage ripple. The input filter capacitor reduces peak currents and noise at the voltage source. The MAX1684/MAX1685s’ loop gain is relatively low to enable the use of small, low-value output filter capacitors. Higher capacitor values provide improved output ripple and transient response. Low-ESR capacitors are recommended. Capacitor ESR is a major contributor to output ripple (usually more than 60%). Avoid ordinary aluminum electrolytic capacitors, as they typically have high ESR. Low-ESR aluminum electrolytic capacitors are acceptable and relatively inexpensive. Low-ESR tantalum capacitors are better and provide a compact solution for space-constrained surface-mount designs. Do not exceed the ripple-current ratings of tantalum capacitors. Ceramic capacitors offer the lowest ESR overall. Sanyo OS-CON capacitors have the lowest ESR of the high-value electrolytic types. Use ceramic and OS-CON capacitors for very compact, high-reliability, or wide-temperature applications, where expense is justified. When using very low ESR capacitors, such as ceramic or OS-CON, check for stability while examining load-transient response, and increase the output compensation capacitor if needed.
(Abstracted from MAX1685 Datasheet)
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