大连小宋城:现在完成进行时的语法

现在完成进行时
1. 形式：have(has)+been+现在分词，以work为例：
肯定式：
IYouWehave
HeSheIthasbeen working.
否定式：
IYouWehave
HeSheIthasnot been working.
疑问式：
haveIYouWe
HasHeSheItbeen working?
2. 用法
现在完成进行时表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。现在这个动作可能刚刚终

止，也可能仍在进行。
I have been sitting here all afternoon.
我在这儿坐了一下午了。
How long has it been raining?
雨下了多久了?
They have been fighting for independence since 1960s.
他们从60年代以来一直为独立而斗争。
3?现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别
1)现在完成进行时一般强调过去发生的动作现在仍在继续。
现在完成时强调过去发生的动作现在已经完成或表示曾经发生过。
I have been writing an article.
我一直在写一篇文章。(仍在)
I have written an article.
这已写好一篇文章。(已完成)
I have been reading that book since last week.
上周以来，我一直在读那本书。(还在读)
I have read that book before.
以前我曾读过那本书。(动作在过去曾经发生过)
2) 现在完成进行时表示刚刚结束的动作，强调动作在不久前持续进行，带有感

情色彩。
现在完成时表示已经结束的动作，强调动作的结果。
Where have you been? We have been looking for you everywhere.
你到哪里去了?我们到处在找你。(表示刚刚结束的动作)
We have looked for him, but haven't found him.
我们找过他，但没有找到他。(表示动作已结束，强调支作的结果)
3) 现在完成进行时表示现在以前的这段时间内反复发生的事情。
All these years they have been contributing articles to our magazine.
这些年来，创立们一直为我们杂志写稿。
We have been seeing quite alot of each other recently.
最近我们常常见面。
参考资料：http://zjedu.nbip.net/kejian/yy4/%B3%C9%C8%CB%D3%A2%D3%EF/CRYY1.TXT

谓语动词构成：I/ we/ you/ they have been working

He / she/ it has been working

(1) 表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去

The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.

中国有2000年的造纸历史.

I have been learning English since three years ago.

自从三年前以来我一直在学英语.

(2) 表示在说话时刻之前刚刚结束的动作

We have been waiting for you for half an hour. 我们已经等你半个钟头了.

(3) 有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子

They have been living in this city for ten years.

They have lived in this city for ten years.他们在这个城市已经住了10年了.

I have been working here for five years.

I have worked here for five years.我在这里已经工作两年了.

(4) 大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子

I have been writing a book.（动作还将继续下去）我一直在写一本书.

I have written a book.（动作已经完成）我已经写了一本书.

(5) 表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时

I have known him for years. 我认识他已经好几年了.

这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有：love爱，like喜欢，hate讨厌，等.