犯罪者与动机 英文版:谁有影帝达斯丁·霍夫曼的英文简介，我英语课要用

Dustin Hoffman Biography:
The emergence of Dustin Hoffman in 1967 heralded the arrival of a new era of Hollywood stardom. Diminutive, wiry and unassuming, he was anything but the usual matinee idol, yet he quickly distinguished himself among the most popular and celebrated screen performers of his generation. A notoriously difficult talent famous for his battles with directors as well as his total immersion in his performances, Hoffman further battled against stereotypes by accepting roles which cast him firmly as an antihero, often portraying troubled, even tragic figures rarely destined for a happy ending. By extension, he broke new ground for all actors -- not only were stars no longer limited to heroic, larger-than-life characterizations, but in his wake virtually anyone, regardless of their seeming physical limitations, could attain success on the big screen.

Born August 8, 1937 in Los Angeles, Hoffman originally studied to become a doctor, but later focused his attentions on acting, performing regularly at the Pasadena Playhouse alongside fellow aspirant Gene Hackman. Upon relocating to New York City, he worked a series of odd jobs, landing the occasional small television role and later touring in summer stock. Frustrated by his lack of greater success, Hoffman once even left acting to teach, but in 1960 he won a role in the off-Broadway production Yes Is for a Very Young Man. After 1961's A Cook for Mr. General, however, he continued to struggle, and did not reappear onstage for several years, in the meantime studying with Lee Strasberg at the Actors' Studio and becoming a dedicated Method actor. Finally, in 1964 Hoffman appeared in a string of theatrical projects including productions of Waiting for Godot and The Dumbwaiter. Two years later he won a Best Actor Obie for his work in The Journey of the Fifth Horse.

In 1967 Hoffman made his film debut with a tiny role in the feature The Tiger Makes Out, a similarly brief appearance in Un Dollaro per Sette Vigliachi followed later that same year, as did a highly-acclaimed turn in the theatrical farce Eh? It was here that he was first spotted by director Mike Nichols, who cast him in the lead role in his 1967 black comedy The Graduate. Though 30 at the time of filming, Hoffman was perfectly cast as an alienated college student, and his work won him not only an Oscar nomination but also made him a hugely popular performer with the youth market. His status as a burgeoning counterculture hero was solidified thanks to his work in John Schlesinger's 1969 Academy Award winner Midnight Cowboy, which earned Hoffman a second Oscar bid. While the follow-up, the romance John and Mary, was a disappointment, in 1970 he starred in Arthur Penn's Little Big Man, delivering a superb portrayal of an Indian fighter -- a role which required him to age 100 years.

Directed by his longtime friend Ulu Grosbard, 1971's Who Is Harry Kellerman and Why Is He Saying Those Terrible Things About Me? was Hoffman's first outright failure. He next starred in Sam Peckinpah's harrowing Straw Dogs, a film which earned harsh criticism during its original release but which, like much of Peckinpah's work, was later the subject of much favorable reassessment. In 1973 Hoffman co-starred with Steve McQueen in the prison drama Papillon, which returned him to the ranks of box-office success before he starred as the legendary stand-up comedian Lenny Bruce in Bob Fosse's 1974 biography Lenny, a stunning portrayal which earned him a third Academy Award nomination. Another real-life figure followed as Hoffman portrayed Carl Bernstein opposite Robert Redford's Bob Woodward in All the President's Men, Alan J. Pakula's riveting docudrama on the Watergate break-in.

Next, Hoffman reteamed with director Schlesinger for 1976's Marathon Man, which cast him alongside Laurence Olivier and scored another major hit. The1978 Straight Time, a pet project helmed by Grosbard, was critically acclaimed but a financial disappointment, and 1979's Agatha pleased neither audiences nor the media. The 1979 domestic drama Kramer vs. Kramer, on the other hand, was a major success with both camps, and Hoffman's portrayal of a divorced father finally earned him an Academy Award on his fourth attempt at the prize. He also won a Golden Globe, as well as honors from the New York and Los Angeles critics. Hoffman's next film, the Sydney Pollack-helmed 1982 comedy Tootsie, was even more successful at the box office. Starring as an out-of-work actor who dresses in drag to win a role on a soap opera, he earned yet another Oscar nomination as the film grossed nearly 100 million during its theatrical release.

After a long absence, Hoffman returned to the stage in 1984 to portray Willy Loman in a Broadway revival of Death of a Salesman. A year later, he reprised the performance for a CBS television special, earning an Emmy and another Golden Globe. He did not return to films until 1987, when he shared top billing with Warren Beatty in Elaine May's disastrous comedy Ishtar. In the wake of the big-budget project's chilly audience reception, any number of films were discussed as a follow-up, but after much debate Hoffman finally agreed to co-star with Tom Cruise in Barry Levinson's 1988's Rain Man. His performance as a middle-aged autistic won a second "Best Actor" Oscar, and helped spur the picture to become a major financial as well as critical success. The following year Hoffman again turned to Broadway to star as Shylock in a presentation of The Merchant of Venice, followed by the motion picture Family Business, in which he starred with Sean Connery and Matthew Broderick.

After making an unbilled and virtually unrecognizable cameo appearance in Beatty's 1990 comic strip adaptation Dick Tracy, Hoffman starred in the 1991 crime drama Billy Bathgate, the first in a string of films which saw his drawing power gradually diminishing throughout the decade. That same year he starred as Captain Hook opposite Robin Williams' portrayal of an adult Peter Pan in the Steven Spielberg fantasy Hook, a major disappointment for all involved; after 1992's Hero proved similarly lackluster, Hoffman disappeared from the screen for three years. His comeback film, the adventure tale Outbreak, performed moderately well at the box office, but the follow-up, Michael Corrente's oft-delayed adaptation of the David Mamet drama American Buffalo, saw only limited release. Hoffman next joined an ensemble cast also including Robert De Niro and Brad Pitt in Levinson's 1996 drama Sleepers, trailed a year later by Costa-Gavras' Mad City, Sphere and Wag the Dog followed, the latter of which netted Hoffman another Best Actor nomination for his portrayal of Stanley Motss, a neurotic producer reportedly based on Robert Evans. In April of 1999, Hoffman was honored by the American Film Institute in A Tribute to Dustin Hoffman, a televised ceremony in which he was presented with an AFI Lifetime Achievement Award. Jason Ankeny, All Movie Guide
捡有用的吧．

Dustin Hoffman

Dustin Hoffman
Hoffman with Ben Stiller in 2004's Meet the Fockers.Dustin Lee Hoffman (born August 8, 1937) is one of the dominant American film actors of the late twentieth century.

Background
Widely considered one of the greatest actors of his time (and sometimes, usually jokingly, called the "Jewish De Niro"), Hoffman was born in Los Angeles, California to Jewish American parents, Harry Hoffman and Lillian Gold (whose parents Max and Pauline were born in Russia). Hoffman graduated from Los Angeles High School. His first ambition was to be a concert pianist and he attended the Los Angeles Conservatory of Music. Then, with an interest in medicine, he attended Santa Monica College for a year before dropping out due to poor grades. But his time at the school wasn't wasted when he took an acting class to boost his grade point average since he was told "nobody flunks acting." Hoffman said when he was in the class, he felt totally at peace with himself.

Acting Beginnings
Hoffman performed at the Pasadena Playhouse for two years with fellow actor Gene Hackman. Ironically, they were both voted by their class as the "least likely to succeed". Frustrated with the school, Hackman took initiative and got on a bus for New York City, advising Hoffman that if he were to come to New York City, that he should call him up. This would later make up part of the friendship trio of Hoffman, Hackman and another struggling young actor named Robert Duvall of whom the three were occasionally roommates and always friends during their time.

Hoffman took Hackman up on his offer and soonafter followed his friend to New York, where he worked a series of odd jobs, such as coat checking at restaurants, working in the typing department of the city Yellow pages directory or stringing Hawaiian leis, and sometimes getting the occasional bit television role. To support himself, he left acting briefly to teach. In 1960, Hoffman landed a role in an off Broadway production and followed with a walk on role in a Broadway production in 1961.

He also did the occasional television commercial. An oft-replayed segment on programs that explore actors' early work is a clip showing a young Hoffman touting the Volkswagen beetle.

Hoffman dropped out of acting again, studied with legendary acting coach Lee Strasberg and became a dedicated method actor. Hoffman made his film debut in The Tiger Makes Out (1967).

Breakthrough
In 1966, young up-and-coming director Mike Nichols, fresh off a Best Director Oscar- nomination for his film Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, began casting his next film, an adaptation of author Charles Webb's little-known novel, The Graduate. The first choice for the role of Benjamin Braddock was Warren Beatty, who dropped out rather quickly. The second choice was Robert Redford, who desperately wanted to be in the film, but agreed with Nichols that he was too charming and popular to play the role of a sweaty-palmed, sexually uncomfortable virgin. Lucky for the short and baby-faced Hoffman, who came through with the exact amount of awkwardness necessary for the role. Hoffman was cast, and the film began production in March of 1967. The cast included Anne Bancroft as the sexually promiscuous older woman, Mrs. Robinson. Though the age difference in their characters was intended to be 20-25 years, Hoffman and Bancroft were actually only 5 years apart in age difference. Hoffman was thirty.

Hoffman received an Academy Award nomination for his performance in The Graduate.

In a famous career move that allowed him to escape being typecast, Hoffman got the opposite kind of role, the disreputable pimp, Ratso in Midnight Cowboy (1969) which got an Oscar nomination as well.

Hoffman has a reputation within the film business as a perfectionist, at times causing him difficulty with directors and at other times earning him Academy Awards, in films such as Kramer vs. Kramer (1979) and Rain Man (1988). Hoffman has also frequently been a presenter on Oscar Night, and is known for his whimsical comments and asides.

Hoffman returned to Broadway in 1983, in the role of Willy Loman in Death of a Salesman alongside John Malkovich in a breakout role. Hoffman has his own production company, Punch Productions, which has produced several of the films in which he starred such as Tootsie (1982), Hero (1992), and Wag the Dog (1997).

Hoffman has two children (Karin and Jenna) with his first wife Anne Byrne (married May 1969; divorced in 1980), and four others (Jacob, Max, Rebecca and Alexandra) with wife Lisa Gottsegen, who is an attorney, (married since October 1980). Critics and audiences have noticed in Hoffman's latter-day films that the famous Hoffman nose has been somewhat streamlined to match modern tastes.

The rock band Of Montreal made an album called "The Early Four Track Recordings" which tells a fictional, sarcastic story about Dustin Hoffman.

Filmography
The Star Wagon (1967)
The Tiger Makes Out (1967)
The Graduate (1967)
Madigan's Millions (1968)
Sunday Father (1969) (short subject)
Midnight Cowboy (1969)
John and Mary (1969)
Little Big Man (1970)
On Location: Dustin Hoffman (1971) (short subject)
Who Is Harry Kellerman and Why Is He Saying Those Terrible Things About Me? (1971)
Straw Dogs (1971)
Alfredo, Alfredo (1972)
Papillon (1973)
Lenny (1974)
The Magic of Hollywood... Is the Magic of People (1976) (short subject)
All the President's Men (1976)
Marathon Man (1976)
Straight Time (1978) (also producer)
Agatha (1979)
Kramer vs. Kramer (1979) (Oscar Winner - Best Actor in a Leading Role)
Tootsie (1982)
Death of a Salesman (1985)
Private Conversations (1986) (documentary)
Ishtar (1987)
Rain Man (1988) (Oscar Winner - Best Actor in a Leading Role)
Common Threads: Stories from the Quilt (1989) (documentary) (narrator)
Family Business (1989)
Dick Tracy (1990)
Billy Bathgate (1991)
Hook (1991)
Hero (1992)
Jonas in the Desert (1994) (documentary)
Outbreak (1995)
American Buffalo (1996)
Sleepers (1996)
Mad City (1997)
Wag the Dog (1997)
Sphere (1998)
The Messenger: The Story of Joan of Arc (1999)
Tuesday (2001) (short subject) (voice)
Goldwyn (2001) (documentary) (narrator)
Moonlight Mile (2002)
The Shakespeare Sessions (2003) (documentary)
Confidence (2003)
Runaway Jury (2003)
Freedom2speak v2.0 (2004) (documentary)
Finding Neverland (2004)
I ♥ Huckabees (2004)
Meet the Fockers (2004)
Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events (2004) (Cameo)
Racing Stripes (2005) (voice)
The Lost City (2005) (currently in post-production)
Perfume: The Story of a Murderer (2005) (currently in pre-production)
Stranger Than Fiction (2006) (currently in post-production)
Car Wars (2006) (currently in pre-production)
The Berkeley Connection (2006) (currently announced start of production)

Preceded by:
Jon Voight Best Actor
1979 Succeeded by:
Robert De Niro
Preceded by:
Michael Douglas Best Actor
1988 Succeeded by:
Daniel Day Lewis