tr250d遥控武器站:人为什么会打哈欠？

人困时为什么会打哈欠?
打哈欠似乎不只表示人累了,它还有更为普遍的意义,那就是体内状况的改变。研究显示,当人累了、醒来,或其他时候当警觉状态有所改变时,都会打哈欠。
打哈欠的特征是,嘴巴张开深深吸一口气,而下巴与全身的肌肉也跟着伸展开来。许多种动物都会打打哈欠,而这个动作牵扯到无意识大脑与身体的互动。
多年来人们以为,当肺脏周边组织侦测到肺里的氧浓度变低时,就会让人打哈欠以吸入更多的空气。但我们现在知道,肺脏不一定会侦测到氧气的不足。而且,子宫内胎儿的肺脏虽还不能换气,但胎儿已经会打哈欠了。此外,呼吸与打哈欠的动作受控于不同的脑区域；当位于大脑下视丘的旁室核氧浓度变低时,就会让人打哈欠。
除了其他的功能,下视丘的旁室核似乎就是大脑的「哈欠中枢」。旁室核含有某些可以引起打哈欠的化学讯息分子,包括多巴胺、甘胺酸、催产素与促肾上腺皮质素。以促肾上腺皮质素为例,它会在夜间及醒转前大量分泌,引起人们打哈欠与伸展肌肉。打哈欠似乎也需要旁室核特定神经细胞制造的一氧化氮。这些细胞受到刺激时,就会活化脑干与（或）海马的细胞,引起打哈欠。打哈欠似乎同样也有回馈成份：如果忍住不打哈欠,那么整个打哈欠的过程就不那么令人满意。据调查，病重的人很少打哈欠，精神病患者几乎从不打哈欠。对此尚不能予以确切解释。
哈欠开始时，由于口腔和咽喉部肌肉强烈收缩，使口腔强制开大，与此同时胸腔扩展，双肩抬高，使肺能吸入较平常为多的空气。呼气时，大量二氧化碳也随之被排出。当血中二氧化碳浓度降到正常范围后，不再刺激人体的哈欠反射，于是人便不再打哈欠了。
哈欠多在长时间处于慢或浅的呼吸之后发生，引起哈欠的常见原因有过度疲劳、紧张、久坐、专心致志地做作业或阅渎、腰带束得过紧、房间过热、通风不良等。人们在离开电影院及其它游乐场所时常会打个哈欠，这不是厌烦的表示，而是由于静坐过久，浅呼吸的时间较长的缘故。
除了可补允所需的氧气外，哈欠还有其它一些作用，如可以松弛紧张、消除疲劳，放松肌肉等，飞机降落时打哈欠能帮助平衡中耳内的压力。
另外，打哈欠还有利于养护眼睛，德国保健协会建议，长时间面对电脑的人，如果想让眼睛休息一下，打个哈欠当是最为方便和有益的。最佳的打哈欠方法是伸一伸懒腰，张开嘴巴，下巴左右移动，就像骆驼吃东西的样子。
打哈欠，是人类身体的一种有益的生理性反应，不要认为在公众场合下打哈欠有伤大雅，因而拼命予以抑制，也不要误认为打哈欠是一种疾病信号，从而忧心忡忡，如果你不断地想打哈欠，说明你疲劳了，应该适当地活动一下或休息。

打呵欠是人缓慢深吸气和迅速呼气而构成的无法抑制的呼吸运动。那么，为什么会打呵欠呢？这听起来似乎非常简单，可是要解释清楚并不容易。
研究证实：人在打盹、疲劳、寂寞等时候，大脑的抑制过程开始战胜兴奋过程。这时身体的某些部分进入抑制状态，而呼吸器官首当其冲。由于血管中积蓄了二氧化碳和新陈代谢的其他废物，呼吸也开始减慢并变得更加深沉了。这影响到大脑的呼吸中枢，便使得人打起呵欠来了。

Why do we yawn?

The truth is that we don't completely understand why people, or animals for that matter, yawn.

It's widely assumed that yawning occurs because we are tired or bored or because we see someone else doing it, but there isn't any hard evidence to support these beliefs.

Scientists do not purport to know all of the biological mechanisms of the yawn, but tend to agree that a yawn is an involuntary respiratory reflex, which regulates the carbon dioxide and oxygen levels in the blood.

Technically, a yawn is the reflex opening of the mouth followed by the deep inhalation and slow exhalation of oxygen.

The very act of yawning is but one of a number of involuntary reflexes controlled by the spinal and nerve centers.

Scientists speculate that the onset of a yawn is triggered either by fatigue, or by sheer boredom as, at those times, breathing is shallow, and little oxygen is carried to the lungs by the oxygen-toting cardiovascular system.

When one yawns, his or her alertness is heightened, as the sudden intake of oxygen increases the heart rate, rids the lungs and the bloodstream of the carbon dioxide buildup, and forces oxygen through blood vessels in the brain, while restoring normal breathing and ventilating the lungs.

This quite plausible theory of yawning falls short of explaining many aspects of yawning. Scientists explain away the "contagious" nature of yawning, that is when one person's yawn triggers another nearby to yawn, as due to the power of suggestion, but are at a loss when attempting to explain why yawning occurs excessively in patients with lower brainstem damage or with multiple sclerosis.

Other unlocked mysteries include why fetuses in the womb yawn, when it is a well-known fact that they do not intake oxygen into their lungs until after live birth, or why individuals with high concentrations of oxygen in their blood streams yawn.

Until these questions are answered, do not assume that a person who yawns in your presence is bored with what you are saying, or suffers from exhaustion. Simply be pleased that he or she is not bored to death.

note:

purport: 声称

involuntary: 不知不觉的

respiratory reflex: 呼吸反射

inhalation: 吸入

exhalation: 呼出

spinal: 脊椎的

cardiovascular system: 心血管系统

falls short of: 不足以，达不到

at a loss: 困惑的

brainstem: 脑干

sclerosis: 硬化症

fetus: 胎儿

womb: 子宫

打哈欠会使自己放松，减少疲劳！