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MANUAL FOR LEADER BEHAVIOR DESCRIPTION QUESTIONNAIRE
The Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire (LBDQ) provides a technique whereby
group members may describe the leader behavior of designated leaders in formal organizations.
The LBDQ contains items, each of which describes a specific way in which a leader may behave.
The respondent indicates the frequency with which he perceives the leader to engage in each
type of behavior by marking one of five adverbs: Always, often, occasionally, seldom, never.
These responses are obtained from the members of the leader’s immediate work-group, and are
scored on two dimensions of leader behavior. For each dimension, the scores from the several
group members are ten averaged to yield an index of the leaders behavior. For each dimension,
the scores from the several group members are then averaged to yield an index of the leader’s
behavior in respect to that dimension.
The LBDQ was developed by the staff of the Personnel Research Board, The Ohio State
University, as one project of the Ohio State Leadership Studies, directed by Dr. Carroll L.
Shartle. Hemphill and Coons (14) constructed the original form of the questionnaire; and Halpin
and Winer (11), in reporting the development of an Air Force adaptation of the instrument,
identified Initiating Structure and Consideration as two fundamental dimensions of leader
behavior. These dimensions were identified on the basis of a factor analysis of the responses of
300 B-29 crew members who described the leader behavior of their 52 aircraft commanders.
Initiating Structure and Consideration accounted for approximately 34 to 50 per cent respectively
of the common variance. In a subsequent study based upon a sample of 249 aircraft
commanders, the correlation between the scores on the two dimensions was found to be .38.
Initiating Structure refers to the leader’s behavior in delineating the relationship between
himself and the members of his group, and in endeavoring to establish well-defined patterns of
organization, channels of communication, and ways of getting the job done. Consideration refers
to behavior indicative of friendship, mutual trust, respect, and warmth in relationship between
the leader and members of the group.
Only 30 of the 40 items are scored; 15 for each of the two dimensions. The 10 unscored
items have been retained in the questionnaire in order to keep the conditions of administration
comparable to those used in standardizing the questionnaire. The scored items for each of the
two dimension keys are listed on Pages 4 and 6.
The score for each dimension is the sum of the scores assigned to responses marked on
each of the 15 items in the dimension. The possible range of scores on each dimension is 0 to 60.
The estimated reliability by the split-half method is .83 for the Initiating Structure scores and .92 for the Consideration scores, when corrected for attenuation.