浦项市:冠词的使用

来源:百度文库 编辑:高考问答 时间:2024/04/29 19:24:34
She was ___ founder of ___ order of nuns called the Missionaries of Charity.

A. a, an B. a, / C. the, / D. the, an
(D)
A 和D有什么区别,为何不选A.

首先 the是特指,a, an是泛指
an修饰order指好多人
the特指,实际指the Missionaries of Charity
语言表达不好,见谅!!!!!!

ding

冠 词
冠词的用法十分繁杂。有人将其基本用法归纳为四句顺口溜,以便于学习、记忆:

普通名词要加冠,专有抽象不加冠,天地日月山水定,季节年月周日免。

不定冠词
Some special rules:
不定冠词:1. 用于某些专有名词前,表示“某一位”、“某一种”(some, certain)或属于某家族中的一员。例如:
A Mr. Smith is waiting for you.
He is a Kennedy.
2. 用于某些物质名词前,表示“一份”、“一杯”等。例如:
I want a beer. 我要一份啤酒。
Give me two coffees, please.
3. 凡是由动词转变而成的名词, 一般都加不定冠词,如: break, drive, kick, look, rest, sleep, smoke, think, wash, weep, wink等.
You’d better have a good rest.
Let’s have a drive in the city.
There has been a terrible smash on the railway.
4.疾病名称一般不用冠词,但一些常见病通常要加不定冠词:cold, cough, fever, temperature, headache, ache, pain等。但在词组catch cold(着凉、伤风)中则不需冠词。例如:
5.固定搭配
a bit of …有点儿 as a result 因此
bring to an end使结束 after (in) a fashion马虎
as a rule通常 keep a firm grip on紧握
all of a sudden突然 as a whole 总体上
build/make a fire 生火 in a hurry 匆忙
at a birth 一胎 come to an end 告终
in a mess 乱七八槽 at a distance 一定距离
lend a hand 帮忙 in a moment 立刻
at a loss 不知所措 have a bath 洗澡
in a walk 轻易地 at a time 一次,一度
make a study of 研究 take a walk 散步
in a word 简而言之 make a living 谋生
in a wink 瞬时 make a fortune 发财
not a bit 一点儿不 have a good time 过得愉快
keep an eye on 照看,密切 keep a tight hand on 控制
take an interest in 对…感兴趣 have a word with 和…交谈
come to a conclusion 得出结论

定冠词
1.用于表示计量单位的单数名词前,意为“按照……标准(单位)”,例如:
Workers are paid by the week.
Meat is sold by the pound.
2.在一些结构中表示人体部位的名词前要用定冠词,而不能用物主代词。例如:
The old man patted the boy on the back.
He was shot in the head.
3.表示独一无二或被认为是唯一的事物。例如:
the earth地球 the sun太阳
the world世界 the sky天空
the moon月亮 the universe 宇宙
4.用于表示海洋、河流、山脉、群岛、沙漠、海湾、运河等名词前④。例如:
the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 the Mississippi River 密西西比河
the Alps 阿尔卑斯山 the British Isles 大不列颠群岛
the Sahara Desert 撒哈拉大沙漠 the Gulf of Mexico 墨西哥海湾
the Suez Canal 苏伊士运河
注:
④ 表示湖泊的名词前一般不加定冠词,但中国湖泊名称前要用定冠词。例如:
Lake Baikal, the Tongting Lake(或Lake Tongting)
此外,一座山或一座岛屿名称前通常不加定冠词。
例如:Mount Everest Tai Mountain
5.用于表示酒店、旅馆、戏院、电影院名称等
the George and Dragon 乔治与龙酒店
the Hilton 希尔顿饭店
the Old Vic 老维克剧院
the Odeon 奥地安电影院
6.用于表示轮船、飞机、三军、学校、历史朝代等名称前⑤。例如:
the Queen Elizabeth 伊丽莎白女王号(船名)
the Mirage 幻影式战斗机
the Air Force
the Atlantis
the Tang Dynasty
the University of Beijing
注:
⑤ 一些以人名或地名命名的大学,如果人名或地名前置时,一般不加定冠词。试比较:
the University of Beijing
Beijing University
He had such a bad headache yesterday that he stayed at home.
I have a terrific pain in the back of my head.
7.用于复数姓氏前,表示“某某一家人”。例如:
The Smiths have just moved here.
The Harrisons are going to attend the party tonight
8.表示演奏乐器时,用于乐器的名称前。例如:
play the piano 演奏钢琴
9.用于一些固定搭配中
after the fashion of 模拟,照……样子去做
at the moment 目前,此刻 in the end 最终
on the rise (fall) 增长(下降) beat the air 徒步
in the long run 从长远观点 in the short run 从短期观点
beside the question 离题 in the presence of 在……面前
by the way 顺便提一句 on the alert 警惕
carry the day 获胜 on the average 一般说来
follow the fashion 赶时髦 on the contrary 相反
for the moment 暂时 for the time being 暂时
on the spot 当场,现场 in the distance 在远处
on the whole 总的,大体上 set the fashion 标新立异
play the fool 干傻事 take the field 出征
to the point 切题 to the purpose 中肯的
10.加不加定冠词,词义不一样。这种习惯用法包括以下两类。
1)有一些名词,加定冠词和不加定冠词意义不同。不加定冠词时强调名词的抽象概念,表示从事与名词有关的活动;加定冠词时强调地点,表示“去或到某个地点”。这些名词常用的有:bed,school,hospital,church,sea,market,class,society,prison,college,space, university,court,table,work,tea等。现以动词go+上述词汇为例,说明意义的不同:
go to bed 睡觉去 go to the bed走向床边
go to church 做礼拜 go to the church去教堂
go to prison 入狱 go to the prison去观监狱
go to market 上市买、卖 go to the market去市场
go to school 上课,上学 go to the school去学校
go to college 上课,上学 go to the college 去学院
go to university上课,上学 go to the university去大学
go to class上课 go to the class去课堂
go to hospital 入院,住院 go to the hospital去医院
go to sea 做(当)水手 go to the sea去海边
It’s very late; let’s go to bed.
He went to the bed to pick up a book.
They go to church every Sunday morning.
The children did want to stay in the church.
2)在一些固定搭配中,有时加不加定冠词会产生截然不同的含义,有时加不定冠词和加定冠词也会导致意义上的差异。例如:
be of age成年 be of an age同岁
in a way稍微 in the way挡道
in fashion流行 in the fashion随大流
in front of在…前面 in the front of在…内的前面
in future从今后 in the future将来某一时期
keep house当家,管家务 keep the house在家
next year明年 the next year第二年
out of question无疑地 out of the question不可能
take air(事情)传开 take the air到户外(呼吸空气)
take place发生 take the place取代
three of us我们中三个人 the three of us我们三个人
There is a big tree in front of my house.
There is a big vase in the front of our classroom.
Three of us have to leave here right now.
The three of us must stay together.
零冠词
1.复数名词和不可数名词表示“类”,这是“类”概念最常见的表示法。例如:
Tigers are a dangerous animal.
I don’t like literature.
2.复数和不可数名词表示不确指
There are cars in front of the gate.
I have money with me.
3.表示唯一职务的同位语或主语补语,表示身份、职位或头衔等时,一般要用零冠词⑥。例如:
Mr Smith, dean of the department, went to Australia.
我们的系主任史密斯先生到澳大利亚去了。
He was elected chairman of the committee.
他当选为委员会主席。
He is author of many novels.

⑥ 如果职务不是唯一的,而是有两个或两个以上,则必须用不定冠词。例如:
Mr. Smith, a member of our team, went to Suzhou.
名词作主语补语表示身份或职位时,该名词表示一个抽象概念,如在句子“ Mr. Johnson is professor of the university”中,professor相当于抽象名词professorship,不是指教授中的一个,而表示一种职位。如要指具体的一位教授,则用a professor of the university。
4.在一日三餐前一般用零冠词。例如:
I had lunch in that restaurant. 我在那家餐馆吃的午饭。
Shall we have dinner together? 我们一起吃饭好么?
5.国家(由普通名词构成的国家名称除外)、省份、城市、街道等名称前面一般用零冠词。例如:
China Nanjing Road Zhengzhou Road London Virginia
6.在表示季节、月份等名词前一般要用零冠词。例如:
He will leave for America in October.
Spring comes after winter.
7.在表示运动的名词前一般用零冠词形式。例如:
We usually play football when we are free.
I don’t like to play chess with her.
8.在表示语言的名词前一般用零冠词形式⑦。例如:
English is becoming a world language.
Chinese is very difficult for westerners.
注:⑦ 但是如果它们后面有language一词,那么它们前面通常要用定冠词。例如:
the English language the Chinese languagew
9.“by + 单数名词”结构表示交通工具,其名词前要用零冠词。例如:
by bus乘公共汽车 by car乘小汽车
by train乘火车 by air/plane乘飞机
by coach乘长途汽车 by ship/boat/sea乘船
by mail/post邮寄
10.并列词组一般要用零冠词。例如:
teacher and student师生 from door to door挨家挨户
hand in hand手拉手 step by step逐步
face to face面对面 day and night日日夜夜
11.在一些为了节省时间、空间等的场合中,如新闻报纸标题、电报、标语等,要用零冠词。例如:
POLICE QUESTION YOUTH AFTER BRITISH MUSEUM EXPLOSION
(试比较:The police are questioning a youth after the explosion in the British Museum.大不列颠博物馆爆炸后警察盘问一青年)
DO NOT LEAN OUT OF WINDOW
12.一些固定搭配中要求用零冠词。例如:
at best充其量 at home在家
at large逍遥自在地 at first最初,起初
at last终于,最后 at hand附近
at first sight第一眼 at least至少
at most至多 at once立刻
at random任意,随便 in particular特殊地
in person亲自 keep in mind牢(铭)记
at will随意,任意 on fire在燃烧
by accident偶然 on end连续地
on purpose故意 by any chance恰好on sale出售的,拍卖
by chance碰巧 on time准时
by bulk成批出售 learn by heart记牢
by choice出于自愿 by no means绝不
by luck幸亏 send word捎信
by turns轮流 take root in扎根于
by virtue of由于 under arrest被捕
by way of为了,通过 in common有共同之处
for sale待售的 under way在进行
in effect实际上 in general一般地
with child有孩子 in good time及时地
without issue没有孩子 in existence存在的,现存的
year in year out年复一年 on second thought又一想
make friends with与……交友 by all means想一切办法
under cover of在……掩护下

C

冠词是用在名词前面,帮助说明名词所指的人或事物,是泛指还是特指的词。冠词是一种虚词。

冠词分不定冠词(The Indefinite Article)和定冠词(The Definite Article)a, an是不定冠词,the是定冠词。

an, a是不定冠词,仅用在单数可数名词前面,表示“一”的意义,但不强调数目观念。a用在以辅音(指辅音音素)开头的词前, an用在以元音(指元素音素)开头的词前,如:

a boy an hour

a history class an island

a university an elephant

a hero an old man

不定冠词的用法:

1. 表示人或事物的某一类

A steel worker makes steel.

A plane is a machine that can fly.

2. 表示某一类人或事物中的任何一个。

This is an apple.

His father is a teacher.

3. 泛指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人何物。

A comrade is waiting for you downstairs.

I met an old man on my way to school.

4. 表示“一个”的意思

He will be back in a day or two.

He tried to send a picture of a face.

5. 有时也表示“每”的意思

We have three meals a day.

我们一日三岁.

He walks ten miles an hour.

他一小时走10英里。

We have six classes a day.

我们一天上六节课。

He drives the car at thirty miles an hour.

如果把不定冠词后的名词变为复数,只把不定冠词去掉还不行,还得补上一个数词或不定代词(some, any)

The plan will be ready in a few days.

这是因为“一个”或“某个”变为复数时,就成为“几个”或“某几个”的缘故。

定冠词的用法:

定冠词the具有确定的意思,用以特指人或事物,表示名词所指的人或事物是同类中的特定的一个,以别于同类中其他的人或事物,相当于汉语中的“那个”或“这个”的意思。它可以和单、复数名词,也可以和不可数的名词连用。用在以辅音音素开头的词前读[ð? ],用在以元音音素开头的词前读[ði ] ,在特别强调时读[ði:]。

II定冠词的基本用法:

1. 特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。

Give me the book.

Did you hear the talk given by Mr Li?

How do you like the film.

Have you got the letter?

2. 指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。

Where is the teacher?

Open the door.

3. 复述上文提过的人或事物。

I have a beautiful wallet, but the wallet was stolen yesterday.

4. 世界上独一无二的事物等(月亮、地球、天空、宇宙)

The sun rises in the east.

The earth goes round the sun.

the globe, the universe.

the atmosphere大气层

5. 用在方位名词前

in the south, in the west ,in the north

6. 用在序数词或形容词最高级前

The first thing I want to say is to listen carefully in class.

He is the tallest one in our class.

7、表示两者间“较……的一个”时用定冠词

The older of the two noblemen took a light.

He is the taller of the two boys.

8. 用在单数可数可数名词前表示一类人或事物。

The horse is a useful animal.

9. 定冠词用在形容词前,表示一类人或东西。

The rich, the poor ,the wounded ,the deaf

10. 冠词可用在党派、阶级、民族名词前

The Chinese people中华民族

The working class 工人阶级

The Communist Party

11、用在姓氏的复数形式前表示一家人,或这一姓的夫妇二人。

The Lius live upstairs.

The Johns are watching TV.

12、在乐器前加the

the piano the violin

13、在习惯性短语中

in the morning in the afternoon

14、在人或物后有限定性的后置定语

The man standing by the gate is Li Feng.

15、代替所有格代词,表示人体的一部分

He received a blow on the head

他头上挨了一击。

John’s brother took him by the hand.

约翰的哥哥牵着他的手。

16、在世纪,年代名词前用冠词。

In the 1980s或in the 1980’s 20世纪80年代

in the nineteenth century 二十世纪

17、专有名词前冠词的用法。

1. 在江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河前用the。

the Changjang River 长江

the Hudson River 哈得孙河

the West Lake 西湖

the Pacific Ocean 太平洋

the Yellow Sea 黄海

the Suez Canal 苏伊士运河

the English Channel 英吉利海峡

the Persian Gulf 波斯湾

the British Isles 布列颠群岛

2. 在含有普通名词构成的专有名词前用the。

the Great Wall 长城

the Summer Palace 颐和园

the United States 美国

the October Revolution 十月革命

the Chinese People’s Liberation Army 中国人民解放军

the Long March 长征

3. 在某些建筑物前

the Great Hall of the People 人民大会堂

the Museum of Chinese History 历史博物馆

4. 在某些组织机构前

the United Nations 联合国

the Department of Education 教育部

⑤节日名:New Year’s Day 新年,元旦

Women’s Day 妇女节

Labour Day 劳动节

Children’s Day儿童节

April Fools’ Day愚人节

National Day国庆节

Thanksgiving Day感恩节

Christmas Day圣诞节

但我国的节日前用定冠词

the Spring Festival春节

the Mid-Autumn Festival中秋节

但也有一些专有名词前不加冠词

1. 街名:Wang Fu Jing Street王府井大街

Naking Road南京路

2. 广场名:Tian An Men Square天安门广场

3. 公园名:Pei Hai Park北海公园

Hyde Park海德公园

4. 大学名:Beijing University北京大学

Zhejiang University浙江大学

但也可说the University of Beijing the University of Zhejiang

什么时候不用冠词

1. 在物质名词,抽象名词前不用冠词

The desk is made of wood.

What is work? Work is struggle.

2. 专有名词前不加冠词

Canada, Beijing ,Lei Feng

3. 名词前有物主代词指示代词,不定代词,名词所有格修饰时

this, my,that, those, these, her

4、月份,星期,季节前不用冠词

Sunday March summer winter

5、在表示一类人或事物的复数名词前不用冠词

Horses are useful animals.

My mother and father are school teachers.

6、当一个名词用作表语,冈位语补足语来表示某人在当时或现刻的职位或头衔时,前面不用冠词。

He is chairman of the Students’ Union. 他是学生会主席。

They elected him president of the U.S. 他们选他当美国总统。

这里指的职位大体是指独一的职位,“主席”、“主任”都只有一个,如不是独一的要加不定冠词。

She is a teacher of English in our school. 她是我校的一位英语教师

7、在三餐前不用冠词。

breakfast, lunch, supper 如这些词前有形容词修饰可用不定冠词。

I had a good lunch yesterday.

I have breakfast at 7 every day.

8、在球类,棋类名词前不用冠词。

Play football (basketball, Volleyball) chess

※抽象名词,物质名词前不用冠词,但后有定语修饰加the。

He is fond of music.

The music of the film is very beautiful.

Science is making rapid progress in China.

科学正在中国飞速发展。

Physics is the science of matter and energe.

物理学是物质和能量的科学