南北五味子的药用区别:初中英语■■■■■1个10分,请简洁明了回答

来源:百度文库 编辑:高考问答 时间:2024/05/16 05:23:08
1.while, when
2.什么是及物动词,什么是不及物动词?怎么区别?
3.reach,arrive 的区别
4.spent + 时间或金钱(+on sth)
spent + 时间或金钱(+in doing )
两种句型的区别
5.延续性动词和短暂性动词的区别和如何判断??
★ 再加分 ★

1 while强调在一个时间段里的动作,常与进行时态连用,when只是强调一个时间点的动作,只与一般时态连用。
2 及物动词是指后面要跟介词后才能跟宾语的动词,不及物动词是说直接跟宾语的动词,你下面说的reach和arrive就是一个很好的例子。
3 reach后面可以直接跟地点名称,而arrive要先跟介词,
例子i arrived in london.
i reached london.
这两个句子很好地说明了两个词的区别和及物动词和不及物动词的区别,其中arrive是不及物的,reach是及物的。基本上没办法区分,只能靠死记硬背 。
4 两种句型完全一致,中考或大考的句型转换常出的题,要熟记。
5 延续性动词是只这个动词发生的动作可以持续一段时间,而短暂动词(又称瞬间动词)只能是一个瞬间的动作。
例子:how long may i borrow this book?(错)
因为borrow这个动词是指借那一瞬间的动作,不能持续这种句子明显地是中国英语。正确的句子应该是:
how long may i have this book?have是延续性动词,这种动作可以一直延续下去。至于区别,表面看不出,也是要靠死记硬背的。

1.两者的区别如下:

①when是at or during the time that, 既指时间点,也可指一段时间;

while是during the time that,只指一段时间,因此when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词,也可以是延续性动词,而while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。

②when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时,也可以是先后发生;while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。

③由when引导的时间状语从句,主句用过去进行时,从句应用一般过去时;如果从句和主句的动作同时发生,两句都用过去进行时的时候,多用while引导,如:

a. When the teacher came in, we were talking.

当此句改变主从句的位置时,则为:

While we were talking, the teacher came in.

b. They were singing while we were dancing.

④when和while 还可作并列连词。when表示“在那时”;while表示“而,却”,表对照关系。如:

a. The children were running to move the bag of rice when they heard the sound of a motor bike.

孩子们正要跑过去搬开那袋米,这时他们听到了摩托车的声音。

b. He is strong while his brother is weak.

他长得很结实,而他弟弟却很瘦弱。

2.从是否需要宾语来分,实义动词又有及物动词和不及物动词两类。
1)及物动词 后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。如:
I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。
“How long can I keep the book ?”Harry asked.哈里问:“这本书我可以借多久?”
Dr. Bethune set us a good example. 白求恩大夫给我们树立了好榜样。
Crude oil contains many useful substances.原油含有许多有用的物质。
2)不及物动词 本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。如:
Birds fly.鸟会飞。
It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三;年六月。
My watch stopped.我的表停了。
She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。
3)兼作及物动词和不及物动词 英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况:
a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变。试比较:
Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)
She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词)
When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的?(leave 作及物动词)
They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。(left 作不及物动词)
b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同。如:
Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。
Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗?
4) 与汉语的比较 有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法,与汉语的用法不一样,请注意下列两种情况:
a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词,而汉语则可用作及物动词,如arrive到达,agree同意,1isten听。英语里这些动词后面常接介词。如:
We arrived at the railway station at noon.我们于中午到达火车站。(at不能省去)(比较:We reached the railway station at noon.)
Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课。(to不可省去)(比较:We all heard the lecture.)
Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可省去)
b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词,而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词,如serve为…服务。
Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务

3.arrive为不及物动词,当到达的是较大的地理区域时用介词in,而到达较小的地方时则用at, 如:arrive in New York, arrive at the village.?

arrive reach get ?
arrive如上所述是不及物动词,而reach则是及物动词。如:How did you reach the school this morning? 而get可用作不及物动词,作"到达"讲时其后面多与to连用。如:When did you get to New York??
arrive ?
〔误〕 I arrived Beijing the day before yesterday.?
〔正〕 I arrived in Beijing the day before yesterday.?
〔正〕 I reached Beijing the day before yesterday.?
〔误〕 He arrived in the school at 11∶00.?
〔正〕 He arrived at the school at 11∶00.?

4.spent + 时间或金钱(+on sth)后面加名词
spent + 时间或金钱(+in doing )后面加动词

5.延续性动词和终止性动词的概念

英语中,动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。

延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。

终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。

1when作“当”,while一般有doing while doing的结构
2及物动词在名词前,不及物在名词后
3reach通用用 arrive+in/at
4前者花什么在什么上,后者花什么用来做什么
5例如绊倒,没有正在绊倒吧

首先,while 和when 的区别其实并不大,但是有些句子得固定用某一个。
when表示“当……的时候”。从句中既可用延续性动词,又可用非延续性动词,这些动词既可以表示动作,又可表示状态。从句中的动作既可和主句的动作同时发生,又可在主句的动作之前或之后发生。如:
When I came into the room, I found him lying there asleep.
Mary was having dinner when I saw her.
When you meet a word you don't know, consult the dictionary.
She was beautiful when she was a girl.
如果when从句的主语与主句主语相同,谓语又是be动词,从句主语和be可以省略:当when从句主语与主句主语相同时,用when加分词可以替代状语从句。如:
When(you are)in trouble, ask her for help.
When(I was)sleeping, I never heard a thing.
1)when 引导短暂性动作的动词。
Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.
2)当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前,只能用when 引导这个从句,不可用 while。
When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.

第二个问题:
1.及物动词(Transitive Verbs,缩写vt.)——后面通常都跟宾语:
What did you say? 你说什么?
I'm translating a poem. 我在翻译一首诗。
2.不及物动词(Intransitive Verbs,缩写为vi.)——后面不跟宾语:
Who's calling? 谁在打电话?
I'm looking for my key. 我在找我的钥匙。
绝大多数动词既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词,其中有几种情况:

1.通常作vi.,偶尔作vt.:

He lived to the age of seventy. 他活到了七十岁。(vi.)

They are living a happy life. 他们过着幸福的生活。(vt.)

She smiled when she saw us. 她见到我们时笑了起来。(vi.)

She smiled her thanks. 她微笑表示感谢。(vt.)

2.通常作vt.,偶作vi.:

You can not see the wood for the trees. 你是见树不见林。(vt.)

It's dark, I can't see. 天很黑,我什么也看不见。(vi.)

The arrow hit the target. 箭击中了靶。(vt.)

He hit at me, but missed. 他设法打我,但没打着。(vi.)

3.有不同意思,有时作vt.,有时作vi.(多数动词都如此):

It's hard to please all. 要使大家都高兴不容易。(vt.)

Come whenever you please. 你爱什么时候来就什么时候来。(vi.)

Her worlds moved me deeply. 她的话深深感动了我。(vt.)

She moved gracefully. 她的动作很优美。(vi.)

4.有时意思不变,但宾语可省略:

See what I mean? 懂我的意思吗?(vt.)

Yes, I see. 是的,明白了。(vi.)

Remember your appointment. 记住你的约会。(vt.)

Don't forget to post my letter. Please remember. 别忘了发我的信,请记住。(vi.)

只有少数动词通常只用作vi.,如appear, exist, happen, occur, vanish, ache, bleed, blush, faint, shiver, tremble, cough, cry, weep, scream, snore, yawn, gleam, shine, vibrate, arrive, come, depart, fall, flow, go, kneel, pause等。但在个别情况下也可跟宾语,如weep bitter tears, cough blood, die a heroic death, sigh one's relief。另外有少数动词通常只用作vt.,如have, raise, carry, catch, cover, destroy, use, admire, enjoy, frighten, hate, interest, like, love, need, prefer, surprise, trust, accept, correct, discuss, expect, thank, warn等,只偶作vi.,如She frightens easily, Come if you like.

两个词都是“到达”的意思。 arrive 是不及物动词,不能直接跟宾语。reach 是及物动词,可以直接跟宾语。
arrive 常与 at 和 in 连用,arrive at 指到达较小的地方,arrive in 指到达较大的地方,如 arrive in Beijing , arrive at the station。
下面再举些例句就知道如何用这两个词了。例如:
When does the train reach Shanghai?火车什么时候到达上海?
They arrived in Shanghai yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午他们到达上海。
When he arrived at the station, the train had left.他到火车站时,火车已开走了。
第四个问题:基本上是没有区别的。。但要记住两种搭配的主语必须sb.即是人才可以用。
spend表示“花费”,常与介词on连用。例如:
He spent all his money on books.
We must spend our time on the lessons.
spend还可以用于下列结构: spend...(in)doing sth.意思是“花费……做某事”。例如:
She spent all her life(in) teaching her threechildren.她把毕生精力倾注于教育她的三个孩子身上。

最后一个:
动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。
一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。
表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间,for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。
例:He has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days. I stayed there for 2 weeks last year. How long did you stay there last year?
二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。 如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。
非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用,如:two years ago; at 5 o'clock;
例:He died 5 years ago.
否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。例:I haven't left here for 3 years. I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks.
三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换:leave --- be away, borrow --- keep, buy --- have, begin/start --- be on, die --- be dead, finish --- be over, join --- be in+组织机构, be a member of+组织机构, open sth --- keep sth open, fall ill --- be ill, get up---be up, catch a cold --- have a cold, come here --- be here, go there --- be there, become --- be, come back --- be back, fall asleep --- be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in), leave --- be away from, get to know --- know, go (get) out →be out, put on→ wear;catch a cold →have a cold等。