宝宝积食吃什么水果好:求翻译短文，多谢 计算机类的

Justifying the MIS

MIS resources should be economically justified in the same manner as any other sizable expenditure. During the EDP era, firms usually justified the cost of a computer and its associated expenses by comparing the costs with those of the displaced manual, keydriven, or punched card systems. Even though the computer costs exceeded the costs of the keydriven and punched card equipment, fewer people were required for the computer system. The computer was then justified on the basis of displaced clerical costs. Few of these clerical workers actually lost their jobs, however, since they were usually transferred elsewhere in the company.
Another way of justifying EDP was the added efficiency or reduced investment it made possible. This approach was common in the manufacturing and marketing areas. One of the first

computer applications was inventory control, and firms often reduced their inventory investment with EDP. If EDP could reduce a $10 million inventory by 3%, then $300,000 was available to invest elsewhere.
With the advent of MIS, computer justification became more difficult. An MIS can produce a valuable report, such as the analysis of beer sales by ethnic group used by Sound Distributing Corp. management. But now valuable is the report? Under normal circumstances a report’s monetary value is difficult to assess. A firm could implement the report and then, using the report, compare total profit for the period with the profit during a prior period. For this comparison to be valid, the report would have to be the only change in the firm’s operations—hardly a feasible possibility in a dynamic business setting. There are usually many actions or combinations of actions that could contribute to increased profit, and singling out one is almost impossible.
So the modern manager faces a problem. How does he or she justify something when its worth can’t be exactly measured? Quite simply, the manager has to have faith that the MIS contributes more to revenues than to costs. This is not an unusual approach. Million of dollars are spent on advertising each year, even though the revenue value of advertising is impossible to measure. Of course, some firms spend money on advertising because their competitors do. The same logic could apply to computer use. A firm with a good MIS will do a better job of managing its resources and will probably be more competitive than a firm with a poor MIS.
Because of the difficulty of justifying an MIS, firms approach the decision very seriously. Much manager and staff time is spent evaluating the impact the MIS will have on the organization. Although the process is largely subjective, justifying the MIS is a key step in the achievement of this valuable resource.
翻译软件译得不怎么通，有人能自己翻译么？谢谢