fgo亚瑟潘德拉贡:能帮我翻译篇文章吗?(2)

来源:百度文库 编辑:高考问答 时间:2024/05/01 21:14:14
(2)为了与各种瓶装商品水, 各种功能水区别, 同时也从国情出发,建设部制定了CJ94—1 999<饮用净水水质标准>行业标准并已于2000年3月1日起实施。一段时期以来, 各种水商品充斥市场。喝什么水好, 什么水有益于人体健康7众说纷纭,莫衷一是。相信<饮用净水水质标准>的颁布与实施将有利于居高和生活饮用水管道分质供水工程的正常发展。由中国建筑设计院、清华大学等5个单位
承担的建设部<建筑及居住小区优质饮用水供应技术>科研课题已经完成, 除上述水质标准成果外,在净化工艺及净水机开发、自动控制、系统设计秒流量公式推导及系统设置、管材、管件等方面均取得了突出成果。
(3)国家科委、建设部设立“建筑(居住)区内水质状况调查分析及水质污染途径” 的研究课题, 并且取得了积极成果。根据污染途径的研究, 采用如下防止生活饮用水二次污染的具体措施, 是课题成果之一。
① 淘汰钢筋混凝土和钢板水箱。推荐使用FRP水箱、搪瓷钢板水箱、不锈钢水箱及复合钢板水箱。目前市场上又出现自动开闭水箱、充气密闭水箱等新型卫生水箱。
② 为减少二次污染途径,推荐采用变频调速供水系统,取消传统高位水箱。
③ 如条件允许,推荐直接从市政干管吸水,采用变频调速供水系统,取消贮水池,不仅充分利用了市政供水压力,还消除了水的二次污染源。
④ 推荐选用水质保障设备,如除氟、除铁、除锰设备;推荐选用多种饮用净水设备,如臭氧、活性炭、微滤、超滤纳滤及KDF活性炭、陶瓷过滤等终端处理设备。
⑤推荐选用多种防二次污染的消毒设备,如臭氧、二氧化氯、次氯酸钠及紫外线等处理设备。
⑥推荐选用防水质污染的新型给水管道(详见本论文3)、管道附件如倒流防止器
3.积极开展新型管材、管件研究和推广
建筑住宅内给水管道采用传统的镀锌钢管已有近百年的历史, 镀锌钢管对中国自来水行业的发展作出了突出贡献。但随着经济的迅猛发展,人们的生活质量不断提高,对自来水的水质要求也日趋提高。人们对自来水的“红水”、“黑水”等现象反映强烈。导致管网水质恶化的主要原因是建筑物内给水管道的锈蚀严重。冷镀锌钢管一般使用寿命不到Ia就锈蚀,铁腥味严重。从个别用户水龙头的水样分析化验中得知,细菌总数、大肠菌群严重超标,居民纷纷向政府部门投诉, 造成一种社会问题。20世纪80年代以前,建筑(住宅)内排水管道主要采用手工模承插排水铸铁管,该管材生产方法劳动强度大,生产效率低,产品质量差,影响周边环境质量,也是急待治理的社会问题。鉴于上述情况,建设部、国家经贸委、国家质量技术监督局和国家化学建材局于1999年12月联合颁布了“建住房(1 999]295号”文<关于在住宅建设中淘汰落后产品的通知>,文中规定:自2000年6月1日起,在城镇新建住宅中,淘汰砂模铸造排水管用于室内排水管道,推广应用硬聚氯乙烯(PVC—U)塑料排水管和符合<排水用柔性接口铸铁管及管件>(GB/T12772—1999)的柔性接口机制铸铁排水管;禁止使用冷镀锌钢管用于室内给水管道, 并根据当地实际情况逐步限时淘汰热浸镀锌钢管,推广应用铝塑复合管、交联聚乙烯(PE—X)管、三型无规共聚聚丙烯(PP—R)管等新型管材。伴随这一政策的出台, 市场上也涌现出多种管材,如薄壁铜管、薄壁不锈钢管、PVC—U、CPVC、PE、HDPE、PE—X、PAP、PP—H、PP—B、PP—R、PB、ABS、FRP、各种钢塑复合管及柔性排水铸铁管等。各种管材群雄割据、并驾齐驱。与新型管材配套的管接头,品种繁多、结构和选材各异,各Technical Ex~h~nge I技术交蕾厂家质量参差不齐。各种新型管材和管件虽有良好的发展机遇,但在市场经济条件下,他们能否保持强大的生命力将Fh建材市场检验。

(2)For the bottled goods water with various, water of various functions is distinguished, proceed from national conditions at the same time , Ministry of Construction made CJ94- 1 999 the sector standard and already implemented since March 1 , 2000. Since one period, various water goods have flooded the market. Drink what water fine , what water favorable to 7 health opinions vary , unable to decide which is right. It is believed that Issue and implementation help the high without being occupied and last quality the developments normals of the water supply projects life drinking water pipeline. By 5 Ministry of Construction that unit undertake, Architecture Design Institute, Tsing-Hua University,etc. of Chinese, ' building and residential community high-quality drinking water supply technology>, scientific research task finish, besides water standard achievement described above, craft and water purification machine develop , automatically control , design second flow formula derive and set up , pipe , pipe fittings ,etc. make the conspicuous achievement by systematically systematically in purification.
(3)State Science and Technology Commission, Ministry of Construction set up the subject for research of " building (inhabit ) state investigating and analysing and water pollution route of water quality in the district ", and has made the positive achievement. According to polluting the research of the route , adopt the concrete measure of preventing the drinking water secondary pollution of life as follows, it is one of the subject achievements. ① Eliminate the armored concrete and stencil plate water tank . Recommend using FRP water tank , enamelled pressed steel water tank , stainless steel water tank and compound stencil plate water tank . Hold the water tank of new hygiene of closing the water tank , inflating the airtight water tank etc. automatically again on the market at present. ② In order to reduce the secondary pollution route , recommend adopting frequency conversion to adjust the water -supply system of the speed, cancel the traditional high-order water tank . ③ Such as conditions permit, recommend doing from municipal administration and in charge of absorbing water directly, adopt frequency conversion to adjust the water -supply system of the speed, cancel the storage cistern , not only has fully utilized municipal administration to support the strength of water pressure but also dispelled pollution sources two times of water. ④ Recommend selecting the support equipment of water quality for use, such as getting
3. Positively develops the new tubing, the fitting research and the promotion
Constructs in the housing the feed water pipe to use the tradition to galvanize the steel pipe to have the nearly hundred years history, galvanized the steel pipe to make the prominent contribution to the Chinese running water profession development. But along with economical swift and violent development, people's quality of life enhances unceasingly, also day by day enhances to the running water water quality request. The people to the running water "the red water", "Heilongjiang River" and so on the phenomenon reflection are intense. Causes the main reason which the pipe network water quality worsens is in the building the feed water pipe rusts away seriously. The cold galvanizing steel pipe general service life does not rust away to Ia, the hard fishy smell is serious. Knew from in the individual user water cock water sample analysis chemical examination that, the bacterium total, the large intestine bacteria colony seriously exceeds the allowed figure, the inhabitant sues in abundance to the government department, creates one kind of social problem. Before 1980s, the construction (housing) in the drainage channel mainly uses the hand jig to receive inserts the draining water cast iron pipe, this tubing production method labor intensity big, production efficiency low, the product quality is bad, affects the peripheral environment quality, also is the social question which urgently needs to govern. In view of the fact that the above situation, the ministry of construction, the national Economic and Trade Committee, the national quality engineering supervision bureau and the national chemistry building materials bureau jointly promulgated in December, 1999 "has constructed the housing (1 999 ] 295" the article < about to eliminate backwardness product in residence construct notice >, in the article stipulated: Gets up from June 1, 2000, in the cities newly built housing, the elimination sand mold casting discharge pipe uses in the room the drainage channel, the promotion applies the hard polyvinyl-chloride (PVC □U) the plastic discharge pipe and conforms to < draining water with flexible connection cast iron pipe and fitting > (GB/T12772 □1,999) the flexible connection mechanism to cast iron the discharge pipe; The prohibition use cold galvanizing steel pipe uses in the room the feed water pipe, and according to the local actual situation time limit elimination galvanizing by dipping steel pipe, promotes gradually using the aluminum models the multiple-unit tube, the junction association polyethylene (PE □X) the tube, three random copolymerization polypropylene (PP □R) the tube and so on the new tubing. Follows this policy appearing, in the market also emerges the many kinds of tubing, like the thin-walled brass tube, the thin wall stainless steel pipe, PVC □U, CPVC, PE, HDPE, PE □X, PAP, PP □H, PP □B, PP □R, PB, ABS, FRP, each kind of steel model the multiple-unit tube and the flexible draining water cast iron pipe and so on. Each kind of tubing country divided into rival baronies, keeps pace with. With new tubing necessary pipe connection, variety many, structure and selection respectively different, each Technical the Ex~h~nge I technology hands over the flower bud the factory quality to be irregular. Each kind of new tubing and the fitting although have the good development opportunity, but under the market economy condition, whether they maintains the formidable vitality the Fh building materials market examination.